  "I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live
   for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for
   mine."

                    John Galt in "Atlas Shrugged", by Ayn Rand


AUTHOR

  The author is cristy@dupont.com.  This software is NOT
  shareware.  However, I am interested in who might be using
  it.  Please consider sending me a picture postcard of the area
  where you live.  Send postcards to

    John Cristy
    5 Middleton Lane
    Landenberg, PA  19350
    USA


AVAILABILITY

  ImageMagick is available as

    ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.6.1.tar.gz

  I want ImageMagick to be of high quality, so if you encounter a
  problem I will investigate.  However, be sure you are using
  the most recent version from ftp.x.org before submitting any
  bug reports or suggestions.


UNIX COMPILATION

  Type:

    gunzip ImageMagick-3.6.1.tar.gz
    tar xvf ImageMagick-3.6.1.tar
    cd ImageMagick
    xmkmf
    make Makefiles
    make depend
    make -k

  If you do not have gunzip(1), it is available as
  prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/gzip-1.2.4.shar.  If you do not have
  xmkmf(1), or if xmkmf(1) fails to produce usable Makefiles,
  type

    configure
    make

  Finally type:

    display images/aquarium.miff
    display -monochrome -dither images/aquarium.miff

  The aquarium and other images are available from anonymous FTP
  at ftp.x.org, file
  contrib/applications/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.images.tar.gz.

  If the image colors are not correct use this command:

    display -visual default images/aquarium.miff

  You can find other example images in the 'images' directory.

  Be sure to read the manual pages for the display(1),
  animate(1), montage(1), import(1), mogrify(1), idenitfy(1),
  and convert(1) utilities.  Also read the ImageMagick frequently
  asked questions in the file Magick.faq.  This is required reading.
  Most of the questions I get via electonic mail are answered in
  this document.

  Place display(1) X application defaults in
  /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Display.  Use the appropriate name for
  other clients (e.g. Animate, Montage, etc).

  The ImageMagick utilities read and write MIFF images.  Refer
  to the end of this message for more information about MIFF.
  Use convert(1) to convert images to and from the MIFF format.

  ImageMagick utilities recognizes these image formats:

       Tag       Description
       ----------------------------------------------------
       AVS       AVS X image file
       BMP       Microsoft Windows bitmap image file
       CMYK      Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black bytes
       EPS       Adobe Encapsulated Postscript
       FAX       Group 3
       FITS      Flexible Image Transport System
       GIF       Compuserve Graphics image file
       GRAY      Raw gray bytes
       HDF       Hierarchical Data Format.
       JPEG      Joint Photographic Experts Group file interchange format
       MAP       colormap intensities and indices
       MATTE     Raw matte bytes
       MIFF      Magick image file format
       MPEG      Motion Picture Experts Group digital video
       MTV       MTV ray tracer image format
       PCD       Photo CD
       PCX       ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush file
       PICT      Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT file
       PNG       Portable Network Graphics
       PNM       Portable bitmap
       PS        Adobe PostScript file
       PS2       Adobe PostScript Level II file
       RAD       Radiance image file
       RGB       Raw red, green, and blue bytes
       RLE       Utah Raster Toolkit
       SUN       SUN Raster image file format
       TGA       Truevision Targa image file
       TEXT      raw text file;  read only
       TIFF      Tagged Image File Format
       VICAR     Planetary File Format
       VID       Visual Image Directory
       VIFF      Khoros Visualization image file
       X         select image from X server screen
       XC        constant image of X server background color
       XBM       X11 bitmap
       XPM       X11 pixmap
       XWD       X11 window dump
       YUV       CCIR 601 4:1:1 file.
       YUV3      CCIR 601 4:1:1 files.

  and for your convenience automatically converts most of these
  alien image format to MIFF at execution time.  However, the
  MIFF image format has several advantages over most image
  formats (i.e. runlength encoding, digital signature on an
  image colormap, etc.).  ImageMagick is designed to exploit
  these advantages.  Whenever possible convert an alien image
  format to the MIFF format before using the various ImageMagick
  programs.

  Other formats may also be recognized.  See CONVERT(1) for a
  list of valid image formats.  You can specify a particular
  image format by prefixing the image filename with the image
  type and a colon (i.e.  ps:image.ps).

  To further enhance the capabilities of ImageMagick, you may want to
  get these programs or libraries:

  o ImageMagick requires GNU's Ghostscript software available via
    anonymous FTP as

      ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/ghostscript-3.12.tar.gz

    to read the Postscript format.  For ImageMagick to read Postscript
    files, gs(1) must be in your execution path and the `pbmraw' and
    `ppmraw' devices must be recognized (try gs -h to verify).  If they
    are not defined, add them to your DEVICE_DEVS define in your
    Ghostscript Makefile and recompile (i.e. DEVICE_DEVS=x11.dev
    pbmraw.dev ppmraw.dev).

  o ImageMagick requires the NCSA HDF library
    available via anonymous FTP as

      ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF/HDF3.3r4/tar/HDF3.3r4.tar.Z

    to read and write the HDF image format.

  o ImageMagick requires the Independent JPEG Group's software
    available via anonymous FTP as

      ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v5b.tar.gz

    to read the JPEG image format.

  o ImageMagick requires the MPEG library available via anonymous FTP
    as

      ftp://ftp.mni.mcgill.ca/pub/mpeg/mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz

    to read the MPEG image format.

  o ImageMagick requires picttoppm from

      ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/netpbm-1mar1994.tar.gz

    to read Macintosh PICT images.

  o ImageMagick requires the PNG library from

      ftp://somewhere.edu/pub/png/pnglib.tar.gz

    to read the PNG image format.

  o ImageMagick requires ra_ppm from Greg Ward's Radiance software
    available via anonymous FTP as

      ftp://hobbes.lbl.gov/Radiance2R4.tar.Z

    to read the Radiance image format.

  o ImageMagick requires rawtorle from the Utah Raster Toolkit
    available via anonymous FTP as

      ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/urt/urt-3.1b.tar.Z-split/part??

    to write the RLE image format.

  o ImageMagick requires Sam Leffler's TIFF software available via
    anonymous FTP as

      ftp://sgi.com/graphics/tiff/v3.3beta021.tar.Z

    to read the TIFF image format.

  o ImageMagick requires Arnaud Le Hors XPM software available via
    anonymous FTP as

      ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/xpm-3.4e.tar.gz

    to read the XPM image format.

  o ImageMagick requires get(1) available via anonymous FTP as

      ftp://liege.ics.uci.edu/pub/arcadia/libwww-perl/

    or via Mosaic as

      http://www.ics.uci.edu/WebSoft/libwww-perl/

    to read images specified with a World Wide Web (WWW) uniform
    resource locator (URL).  Get(1) must be in /usr/local/bin.  See
    WWWcommand in magick/image.h to change its location.  If you do not
    have a HTTP server, you can use xtp(1), available in the
    ImageMagick distribution, for URL's whose protocol is FTP.

  To display images in the HDF, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, or XPM format, get
  the HDF, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, or XPM archives and build ImageMagick as
  follows:

  HDF:
    cd ImageMagick
    mkdir hdf
    cd hdf
    zcat HDF3.3r4.tar.Z | tar xvf -
    cp HDF3.3r4/hdf/src/* .
    < edit Makefile; for Solaris 2.? comment out memory.h in hdf/hdfi.h;
      if you also want to include MPEG or JPEG  support in ImageMagick,
      do not link jutils.o in the HDF library-- otherwise conflicts will
      occur >
    make libnofortran
    cd ..

  JPEG:
    cd ImageMagick
    gunzip -c jpegsrc.v5b.tar.gz | tar xvof -
    ln -s jpeg-5b jpeg
    cd jpeg
    configure CC=cc -with-maxmem=7
    make
    cd ..

  MPEG:
    cd ImageMagick
    mkdir mpeg
    cd mpeg
    gunzip -c mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz | tar xvof -
    mv mpeg_lib/* .
    < edit Makefile as instructed; for Solaris use the BSD-compatibility
      libraries or replace bzero with a call to memset >
    make
    cd ..

  PNG:
    cd ImageMagick
    mkdir png
    cd png
    < the PNG decoder and encoder is not yet completed >
    cd ..

  TIFF:
    cd ImageMagick
    mkdir tiff
    cd tiff
    gunzip -c  v3.3beta021.src.tar.Z | tar xvof -
    mv libtiff/* .
    cp Makefile.??? Makefile
    make
    cd ..

  XPM:
    cd ImageMagick
    mkdir xpm
    cd xpm
    gunzip -c xpm-3.4e.tar.gz | tar xvof -
    mv xpm-3.4e/lib/* .
    xmkmf
    make
    cd ..

    If your computer system supports shared libraries you must type

      make install

    If you do not have root privileges, type this instead

      rm libXpm*
      make -f Makefile.noX

  Finally, perform the following:

    cd ImageMagick
    < edit Magick.tmpl and define Has???? as instructed >
    xmkmf
    make Makefiles
    make clean
    make

  If you do not have xmkmf, try

    < edit Makefile.in and define Has???? as instructed >
    configure
    make clean
    make -k

  You can now display images in the HDF, JPEG, MPEG, TIFF, or XPM format.

  If you have HDF, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, and XPM sources installed as
  directed above, you can also type

    Install sun

  Substitute the appropriate machine type (aix, hpux, sgi, etc).


VMS COMPILATION

  Type

    @make
    set display/create/node=node_name::

  where node_name is the DECNET X server to contact.

  Finally type:

    display [.images]aquarium.miff
    display -monochrome -dither [.images]aquarium.miff

  Alternatively, get a zipped distribution (with JPEG, MPEG, TIFF,
  and XPM) from

    ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/vms/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.6.1.zip

  The VMS JPEG, TIFF, and XPM source libraries are available on
  axp.psl.ku.dk in [anonymous.decwindows.lib].

  Thanks to pmoreau@cenaath.cena.dgac.fr for supplying invaluable help
  as well as the VMS versions of the JPEG, MPEG, TIFF, and XPM libraries.


ANIMATION

  An example animation sequence is available from anonymous FTP
  at ftp.x.org, file contrib/ImageMagick.animation.tar.gz.  Or
  alternatively, you can create this sequence yourself.  Just
  look at README in the scenes directory.

  To prevent color flashing on visuals that have colormaps,
  animate(1) creates a single colormap from the image sequence.
  This can be rather time consuming.  You can speed this
  operation up by reducing the colors in the image before you
  `animate' them.  Use mogrify(1) to color reduce the images:

    mogrify -colors 256 scenes/dna.[0-9]*

  Note, the image sequence in ImageMagick.animation.tar.gz is
  already reduced.  Alternatively, you can use a Standard
  Colormap; or a static, direct, or true color visual.  You can
  define a Standard Colormap with xstdcmap(1).  For example, to
  use the "best" Standard Colormap, type:

    xstdcmap -best
    animate -map best scenes/dna.[0-9]*

  or to use a true color visual:

    animate -visual truecolor scenes/dna.[0-9]*

  Image filenames can appear in any order on the command line if
  the scene keyword is specified in the MIFF image.  Otherwise
  the images display in the order they appear on the command
  line.  A scene is specified when converting from another image
  format to MIFF by using the "scene" option with any filter.
  Be sure to choose a scene number other than zero.  For
  example, to convert a TIFF image to a MIFF image as scene #2,
  type:

    convert -scene 2 image.tiff image.miff


MIFF IMAGE FORMAT

  MIFF is an image format which I developed.  I like it because

    1) It is machine independent.  It can be read on virtually
       any computer.  No byte swapping is necessary.

    2) It has a text header.  Most image formats are coded in
       binary and you cannot easily tell attributes about the
       image.  Use more(1) on MIFF image files and the
       attributes are displayed in text form.

    3) It can handle runlength-encoded images.  Although most
       scanned images do not benefit from runlength-encoding,
       most computer-generated images do.  Images of mostly
       uniform colors have a high compression ratio and
       therefore take up less memory and disk space.

    4) It allows a scene number to be specified.  This allows
       you to specify an animation sequence out-of-order on the
       command line.  The correct order is determined by the
       scene number of each image.

    5) MIFF computes a digital signature for colormapped
       images.  This is useful for animating a sequence of
       images on a colormapped X server.  If all signatures
       match in the image sequence, computing a global colormap
       is not necessary.

    6) There is a `montage' keyword allowing an image to act as
       a visual image directory.  See display(1) for more details.

  One way to get an image into MIFF format is to use
  convert(1).  or read it from an X window using the 'import'
  program.  Alternatively, type the necessary header information
  in a file with a text editor.  Next, dump the binary bytes
  into another file.  Finally, type

    cat header binary_image | display -write image.miff -

  For example, suppose you have a raw red, green, blue image
  file on disk that is 640 by 480.  The header file would look
  like this:

    id=ImageMagick columns=640 rows=480 :

  The image file would have red, green, blue tuples
  (rgbrgbrgb...).

  Refer to the display(1) manual page for more details.

COPYRIGHT

  Copyright 1995 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

  Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
  software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
  granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice
  appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and
  this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and
  that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company not be
  used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of
  the software without specific, written prior permission.  E.
  I. du Pont de Nemours and Company makes no representations
  about the suitability of this software for any purpose.  It is
  provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties
  with regard to this software, including all implied warranties
  of merchantability and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du
  Pont de Nemours and Company be liable for any special,
  indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever
  resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an
  action of contract, negligence or other tortious action,
  arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of
  this software.
