/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.jcr.Credentials;
import javax.jcr.NoSuchWorkspaceException;
import javax.security.auth.DestroyFailedException;
import javax.security.auth.Destroyable;
import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.callback.Callback;
import javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler;
import javax.security.auth.callback.UnsupportedCallbackException;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;
import javax.security.auth.spi.LoginModule;

import org.apache.jackrabbit.guava.common.base.Stopwatch;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.guava.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.api.security.user.UserManager;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.api.AuthInfo;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.api.ContentRepository;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.api.ContentSession;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.api.Root;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.namepath.NamePathMapper;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.ConfigurationParameters;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.SecurityProvider;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.callback.CredentialsCallback;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.callback.PrincipalProviderCallback;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.callback.RepositoryCallback;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.callback.UserManagerCallback;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.callback.WhiteboardCallback;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.principal.PrincipalConfiguration;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.principal.PrincipalProvider;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.user.UserConfiguration;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.whiteboard.Whiteboard;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.osgi.annotation.versioning.ProviderType;

import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;

/**
 * Abstract implementation of the {@link LoginModule} interface that can act
 * as base class for login modules that aim to authenticate subjects against
 * information stored in the content repository.
 * <p>
 * <h2>LoginModule Methods</h2>
 * This base class provides a simple implementation for the following methods
 * of the {@code LoginModule} interface:
 * <p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link LoginModule#initialize(Subject, CallbackHandler, Map, Map) Initialize}:
 * Initialization of this abstract module sets the following protected instance
 * fields:
 * <ul>
 * <li>subject: The subject to be authenticated,</li>
 * <li>callbackHandler: The callback handler passed to the login module,</li>
 * <li>shareState: The map used to share state information with other login modules,</li>
 * <li>options: The configuration options of this login module as specified
 * in the {@link javax.security.auth.login.Configuration}.</li>
 * </ul>
 * </li>
 * <li>{@link LoginModule#logout() Logout}:
 * If the authenticated subject is not empty this logout implementation
 * attempts to clear both principals and public credentials and returns
 * {@code true}.</li>
 * <li>{@link LoginModule#abort() Abort}: Clears the state of this login
 * module by setting all private instance variables created in phase 1 or 2
 * to {@code null}. Subclasses are in charge of releasing their own state
 * information by either overriding {@link #clearState()}.</li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * <h2>Utility Methods</h2>
 * The following methods are provided in addition:
 * <p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link #clearState()}: Clears all private state information that has
 * be created during login. This method in called in {@link #abort()} and
 * subclasses are expected to override this method.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getSupportedCredentials()}: Abstract method used by
 * {@link #getCredentials()} that reveals which credential implementations
 * are supported by the {@code LoginModule}.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getCredentials()}: Tries to retrieve valid (supported)
 * Credentials in the following order:
 * <ol>
 * <li>using a {@link CredentialsCallback},</li>
 * <li>looking for a {@link #SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS} entry in the shared
 * state (see also {@link #getSharedCredentials()} and finally by</li>
 * <li>searching for valid credentials in the subject.</li>
 * </ol></li>
 * <li>{@link #getSharedCredentials()}: This method returns credentials
 * passed to the login module with the share state. The key to share credentials
 * with a another module extending from this base class is
 * {@link #SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS}. Note, that this method does not verify
 * if the credentials provided by the shared state are
 * {@link #getSupportedCredentials() supported}.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getSharedLoginName()}: If the shared state contains an entry
 * for {@link #SHARED_KEY_LOGIN_NAME} this method returns the value as login name.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getSecurityProvider()}: Returns the configured security
 * provider or {@code null}.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getRoot()}: Provides access to the latest state of the
 * repository in order to retrieve user or principal information required to
 * authenticate the subject as well as to write back information during
 * {@link #commit()}.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getUserManager()}: Returns an instance of the configured
 * {@link UserManager} or {@code null}.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getPrincipalProvider()}: Returns an instance of the configured
 * principal provider or {@code null}.</li>
 * <li>{@link #getPrincipals(String)}: Utility that returns all principals
 * associated with a given user id. This method might be be called after
 * successful authentication in order to be able to populate the subject
 * during {@link #commit()}. The implementation is a shortcut for calling
 * {@link PrincipalProvider#getPrincipals(String) getPrincipals(String userId}
 * on the provider exposed by {@link #getPrincipalProvider()}</li>
 * </ul>
 */
@ProviderType
public abstract class AbstractLoginModule implements LoginModule {

    /**
     * logger instance
     */
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractLoginModule.class);

    /**
     * Key of the sharedState entry referring to validated Credentials that is
     * shared between multiple login modules.
     */
    public static final String SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS = "org.apache.jackrabbit.credentials";

    /**
     * Key of the sharedState entry referring to a valid login ID that is shared
     * between multiple login modules.
     */
    public static final String SHARED_KEY_LOGIN_NAME = "javax.security.auth.login.name";

    /**
     * Key of the sharedState entry referring to public attributes that are shared
     * between multiple login modules.
     */
    public static final String SHARED_KEY_ATTRIBUTES = "javax.security.auth.login.attributes";

    /**
     * Key of the sharedState entry referring to pre authenticated login information that is shared
     * between multiple login modules.
     */
    public static final String SHARED_KEY_PRE_AUTH_LOGIN = PreAuthenticatedLogin.class.getName();

    protected Subject subject;
    protected CallbackHandler callbackHandler;
    protected Map sharedState;
    protected ConfigurationParameters options;

    private SecurityProvider securityProvider;
    private LoginModuleMonitor loginModuleMonitor;
    private Whiteboard whiteboard;

    private ContentSession systemSession;
    private Root root;

    //--------------------------------------------------------< LoginModule >---
    @Override
    public void initialize(Subject subject, CallbackHandler callbackHandler, Map<String, ?> sharedState, Map<String, ?> options) {
        this.subject = subject;
        this.callbackHandler = callbackHandler;
        this.sharedState = sharedState;
        this.options = (options == null) ? ConfigurationParameters.EMPTY : ConfigurationParameters.of(options);
    }

    /**
     * Besteffort default implementation of {@link LoginModule#logout()}, which removes all principals and all public
     * credentials of type {@link Credentials} and {@link AuthInfo} from the subject.
     * It will return {@code false}, if either principal set or credentials set is empty.
     *
     * Note, that this implementation is not able to only remove those principals/credentials that have been added
     * by {@code this} very login module instance. Therefore subclasses should overwrite this method to provide a fully
     * compliant solution of {@link #logout()}. They may however take advantage of {@link #logout(Set, Set)}
     * in order to simplify the implementation of a logout that is compatible with the {@link LoginModule#logout()}
     * contract incorporating the additional recommendations highlighted at
     * <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/13/security/java-authentication-and-authorization-service-jaas-loginmodule-developers-guide1.html#GUID-E9C5810B-ADB6-4454-869D-B269ECA8145F__LOGINMODULE.LOGOUTMETHOD-21144F6A">JAAS LoginModule Dev Guide</a>
     *
     * @return {@code true} if neither principals nor public credentials of type {@link Credentials} or {@link AuthInfo}
     * stored in the {@link Subject} are empty; {@code false} otherwise
     * @throws LoginException if the subject is readonly and destroying {@link Destroyable} credentials fails
     * with {@link DestroyFailedException}.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean logout() throws LoginException {
        boolean success = false;
        Set<Object> creds = ImmutableSet.builder()
                .addAll(subject.getPublicCredentials(Credentials.class))
                .addAll(subject.getPublicCredentials(AuthInfo.class)).build();
        if (!subject.getPrincipals().isEmpty() && !creds.isEmpty()) {
            // clear subject if not readonly
            if (!subject.isReadOnly()) {
                subject.getPrincipals().clear();
                subject.getPublicCredentials().removeAll(creds);
            } else {
                destroyCredentials(creds);
            }
            success = true;
        }
        return success;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean abort() throws LoginException {
        clearState();
        return true;
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Clear state information that has been created during {@link #login()}.
     */
    protected void clearState() {
        securityProvider = null;
        closeSystemSession();
    }

    /**
     * Close the system session acquired upon {@link #getRoot()} and reset the associated root field.
     * This method should be used instead of {@link #clearState()}, if {@link #login()} and {@link #commit()} were
     * successfully completed but the system session is not needed for a successful {@link #logout()}
     */
    protected void closeSystemSession() {
        if (systemSession != null) {
            try {
                systemSession.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
            systemSession = null;
            root = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * General logout-helper that will return {@code false} if both {@code credentials} and {@code principals} are {@code null}.
     * Note, that this implementation will only throw {@code LoginException} if the {@code subject} is marked readonly
     * and destroying {@link Destroyable} credentials fails.
     *
     * @param credentials The set of credentials extracted by this instance during login/commit to be removed from {@link Subject#getPublicCredentials()}
     * @param principals A set of principals extracted by this instance during login/commit to be removed from {@link Subject#getPrincipals()}
     * @return {@code true} if either the credential set or the principal set is not {@code null}, {@code false} otherwise.
     * @throws LoginException If the subject is readonly and an error occurs while destroying any of the given credentials.
     * @see <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/13/security/java-authentication-and-authorization-service-jaas-loginmodule-developers-guide1.html#GUID-E9C5810B-ADB6-4454-869D-B269ECA8145F__LOGINMODULE.LOGOUTMETHOD-21144F6A">JAASLMDevGuide</a>
     */
    protected boolean logout(@Nullable Set<Object> credentials, @Nullable Set<? extends Principal> principals) throws LoginException {
        if (credentials != null || principals != null) {
            if (!subject.isReadOnly()) {
                if (credentials != null) {
                    subject.getPublicCredentials().removeAll(credentials);
                }
                if (principals != null) {
                    subject.getPrincipals().removeAll(principals);
                }
            } else if (credentials != null) {
                destroyCredentials(credentials);
            }
            return true;
        } else {
            // this login module didn't add credentials/authinfo/principals to the subject upon commit
            // -> logout of this LoginModule should be ignored
            return false;
        }
    }

    private static void destroyCredentials(@NotNull Iterable<Object> credentials) throws LoginException {
        for (Object cred : credentials) {
            if (cred instanceof Destroyable) {
                try {
                    ((Destroyable) cred).destroy();
                } catch (DestroyFailedException e) {
                    throw new LoginException(e.getMessage());
                }
            } else {
                log.debug("Unable to destroy credentials ({}) of read-only subject.", credentials.getClass().getName());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return A set of supported credential classes.
     */
    @NotNull
    protected abstract Set<Class> getSupportedCredentials();

    /**
     * Tries to retrieve valid (supported) Credentials:
     * <ol>
     * <li>using a {@link CredentialsCallback},</li>
     * <li>looking for a {@link #SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS} entry in the
     * shared state (see also {@link #getSharedCredentials()} and finally by</li>
     * <li>searching for valid credentials in the subject.</li>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Valid (supported) credentials or {@code null}.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected Credentials getCredentials() {
        Set<Class> supported = getSupportedCredentials();
        if (callbackHandler != null) {
            log.debug("Login: retrieving Credentials using callback.");
            try {
                CredentialsCallback callback = new CredentialsCallback();
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[]{callback});
                Credentials creds = callback.getCredentials();
                if (creds != null && supported.contains(creds.getClass())) {
                    log.debug("Login: Credentials '{}' obtained from callback", creds);
                    return creds;
                } else {
                    log.debug("Login: No supported credentials obtained from callback; trying shared state.");
                }
            } catch (UnsupportedCallbackException | IOException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }

        Credentials creds = getSharedCredentials();
        if (creds != null && supported.contains(creds.getClass())) {
            log.debug("Login: Credentials obtained from shared state.");
            return creds;
        } else {
            log.debug("Login: No supported credentials found in shared state; looking for credentials in subject.");
            for (Class clz : getSupportedCredentials()) {
                Set<Credentials> cds = subject.getPublicCredentials(clz);
                if (!cds.isEmpty()) {
                    log.debug("Login: Credentials found in subject.");
                    return cds.iterator().next();
                }
            }
        }

        log.debug("No credentials found.");
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return The credentials passed to this login module with the shared state.
     * @see #SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS
     */
    @Nullable
    protected Credentials getSharedCredentials() {
        Credentials shared = null;
        if (sharedState.containsKey(SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS)) {
            Object sc = sharedState.get(SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS);
            if (sc instanceof Credentials) {
                shared = (Credentials) sc;
            } else {
                log.debug("Login: Invalid value for share state entry {}. Credentials expected.", SHARED_KEY_CREDENTIALS);
            }
        }

        return shared;
    }

    /**
     * @return The login name passed to this login module with the shared state.
     * @see #SHARED_KEY_LOGIN_NAME
     */
    @Nullable
    protected String getSharedLoginName() {
        if (sharedState.containsKey(SHARED_KEY_LOGIN_NAME)) {
            return sharedState.get(SHARED_KEY_LOGIN_NAME).toString();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return The pre authenticated login or {@code null}
     * @see #SHARED_KEY_PRE_AUTH_LOGIN
     */
    @Nullable
    protected PreAuthenticatedLogin getSharedPreAuthLogin() {
        Object login = sharedState.get(SHARED_KEY_PRE_AUTH_LOGIN);
        if (login instanceof PreAuthenticatedLogin) {
            return (PreAuthenticatedLogin) login;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tries to obtain the {@code SecurityProvider} object from the callback
     * handler using a new SecurityProviderCallback and keeps the value as
     * private field. If the callback handler isn't able to handle the
     * SecurityProviderCallback this method returns {@code null}.
     *
     * @return The {@code SecurityProvider} associated with this
     *         {@code LoginModule} or {@code null}.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected SecurityProvider getSecurityProvider() {
        if (securityProvider == null && callbackHandler != null) {
            RepositoryCallback rcb = new RepositoryCallback();
            try {
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[]{rcb});
                securityProvider = rcb.getSecurityProvider();
            } catch (IOException | UnsupportedCallbackException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        return securityProvider;
    }

    /**
     * Tries to obtain the {@code Whiteboard} object from the callback
     * handler using a new WhiteboardCallback and keeps the value as
     * private field. If the callback handler isn't able to handle the
     * WhiteboardCallback this method returns {@code null}.
     *
     * @return The {@code Whiteboard} associated with this
     *         {@code LoginModule} or {@code null}.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected Whiteboard getWhiteboard() {
        if (whiteboard == null && callbackHandler != null) {
            WhiteboardCallback cb = new WhiteboardCallback();
            try {
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[]{cb});
                whiteboard = cb.getWhiteboard();
            } catch (IOException | UnsupportedCallbackException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        return whiteboard;
    }

    /**
     * Tries to obtain a {@code Root} object from the callback handler using
     * a new RepositoryCallback and keeps the value as private field.
     * If the callback handler isn't able to handle the RepositoryCallback
     * this method returns {@code null}.
     *
     * @return The {@code Root} associated with this {@code LoginModule} or
     *         {@code null}.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected Root getRoot() {
        if (root == null && callbackHandler != null) {
            try {
                final RepositoryCallback rcb = new RepositoryCallback();
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[]{rcb});

                final ContentRepository repository = rcb.getContentRepository();
                if (repository != null) {
                    systemSession = Subject.doAs(SystemSubject.INSTANCE, new PrivilegedExceptionAction<ContentSession>() {
                        @Override
                        public ContentSession run() throws LoginException, NoSuchWorkspaceException {
                            return repository.login(null, rcb.getWorkspaceName());
                        }
                    });
                    root = systemSession.getLatestRoot();
                } else {
                    log.error("Unable to retrieve the Root via RepositoryCallback; ContentRepository not available.");
                }
            } catch (IOException | UnsupportedCallbackException | PrivilegedActionException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        return root;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link UserManager} that should be used to handle
     * this authentication. If no user manager has been configure this
     * method returns {@code null}.
     *
     * @return A instance of {@code UserManager} or {@code null}.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected UserManager getUserManager() {
        UserManager userManager = null;
        SecurityProvider sp = getSecurityProvider();
        Root r = getRoot();
        if (r != null && sp != null) {
            UserConfiguration uc = sp.getConfiguration(UserConfiguration.class);
            userManager = uc.getUserManager(r, NamePathMapper.DEFAULT);
        }

        if (userManager == null && callbackHandler != null) {
            try {
                UserManagerCallback userCallBack = new UserManagerCallback();
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[]{userCallBack});
                userManager = userCallBack.getUserManager();
            } catch (IOException | UnsupportedCallbackException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }

        return userManager;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link PrincipalProvider} that should be used to handle
     * this authentication. If no principal provider has been configure this
     * method returns {@code null}.
     *
     * @return A instance of {@code PrincipalProvider} or {@code null}.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected PrincipalProvider getPrincipalProvider() {
        PrincipalProvider principalProvider = null;
        SecurityProvider sp = getSecurityProvider();
        Root r = getRoot();
        if (r != null && sp != null) {
            PrincipalConfiguration pc = sp.getConfiguration(PrincipalConfiguration.class);
            principalProvider = pc.getPrincipalProvider(r, NamePathMapper.DEFAULT);
        }

        if (principalProvider == null && callbackHandler != null) {
            try {
                PrincipalProviderCallback principalCallBack = new PrincipalProviderCallback();
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[]{principalCallBack});
                principalProvider = principalCallBack.getPrincipalProvider();
            } catch (IOException | UnsupportedCallbackException e) {
                onError();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        return principalProvider;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves all principals associated with the specified {@code userId} for
     * the configured principal provider.
     *
     * @param userId The id of the user.
     * @return The set of principals associated with the given {@code userId}.
     * @see #getPrincipalProvider()
     */
    @NotNull
    protected Set<? extends Principal> getPrincipals(@NotNull String userId) {
        PrincipalProvider principalProvider = getPrincipalProvider();
        if (principalProvider == null) {
            log.debug("Cannot retrieve principals. No principal provider configured.");
            return Collections.emptySet();
        } else {
            Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.createStarted();
            Set<? extends Principal> principals = principalProvider.getPrincipals(userId);
            getLoginModuleMonitor().principalsCollected(watch.elapsed(NANOSECONDS), principals.size());
            return principals;
        }
    }

    @NotNull
    protected Set<? extends Principal> getPrincipals(@NotNull Principal userPrincipal) {
        PrincipalProvider principalProvider = getPrincipalProvider();
        if (principalProvider == null) {
            log.debug("Cannot retrieve principals. No principal provider configured.");
            return Collections.emptySet();
        } else {
            Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.createStarted();
            Set<Principal> principals = new HashSet<>();
            principals.add(userPrincipal);
            principals.addAll(principalProvider.getMembershipPrincipals(userPrincipal));
            getLoginModuleMonitor().principalsCollected(watch.elapsed(NANOSECONDS), principals.size());
            return principals;
        }
    }

    protected static void setAuthInfo(@NotNull AuthInfo authInfo, @NotNull Subject subject) {
        Set<AuthInfo> ais = subject.getPublicCredentials(AuthInfo.class);
        if (!ais.isEmpty()) {
            subject.getPublicCredentials().removeAll(ais);
        }
        subject.getPublicCredentials().add(authInfo);
    }

    @NotNull
    protected LoginModuleMonitor getLoginModuleMonitor() {
        if (loginModuleMonitor == null && callbackHandler != null) {
            RepositoryCallback rcb = new RepositoryCallback();
            try {
                callbackHandler.handle(new Callback[] { rcb });
                loginModuleMonitor = rcb.getLoginModuleMonitor();
            } catch (IOException | UnsupportedCallbackException e) {
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        if (loginModuleMonitor == null) {
            loginModuleMonitor = LoginModuleMonitor.NOOP;
        }
        return loginModuleMonitor;
    }

    protected void onError() {
        getLoginModuleMonitor().loginError();
    }
}
