/**
    *
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  
  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client;
  
  
  import com.google.protobuf.ServiceException;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
  import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
  import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
  import java.util.concurrent.Future;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.DoNotRetryIOException;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseIOException;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionLocation;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.RegionLocations;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.HBaseRpcController;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcControllerFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.RequestConverter;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
  
  /**
   * Caller that goes to replica if the primary region does no answer within a configurable
   * timeout. If the timeout is reached, it calls all the secondary replicas, and returns
   * the first answer. If the answer comes from one of the secondary replica, it will
   * be marked as stale.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public class RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas {
    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.class);
  
    protected final ExecutorService pool;
    protected final ClusterConnection cConnection;
    protected final Configuration conf;
    protected final Get get;
    protected final TableName tableName;
    protected final int timeBeforeReplicas;
    private final int callTimeout;
    private final int retries;
    private final RpcControllerFactory rpcControllerFactory;
    private final RpcRetryingCallerFactory rpcRetryingCallerFactory;
  
    public RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas(
        RpcControllerFactory rpcControllerFactory, TableName tableName,
        ClusterConnection cConnection, final Get get,
        ExecutorService pool, int retries, int callTimeout,
        int timeBeforeReplicas) {
      this.rpcControllerFactory = rpcControllerFactory;
      this.tableName = tableName;
      this.cConnection = cConnection;
      this.conf = cConnection.getConfiguration();
      this.get = get;
      this.pool = pool;
      this.retries = retries;
      this.callTimeout = callTimeout;
      this.timeBeforeReplicas = timeBeforeReplicas;
      this.rpcRetryingCallerFactory = new RpcRetryingCallerFactory(conf);
    }
  
    /**
     * A RegionServerCallable that takes into account the replicas, i.e.
     * - the call can be on any replica
     * - we need to stop retrying when the call is completed
     * - we can be interrupted
     */
    class ReplicaRegionServerCallable extends RegionServerCallable<Result> implements Cancellable {
     final int id;
     private final HBaseRpcController controller;
 
     public ReplicaRegionServerCallable(int id, HRegionLocation location) {
       super(RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.this.cConnection,
           RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.this.tableName, get.getRow(), HConstants.PRIORITY_UNSET);
       this.id = id;
       this.location = location;
       this.controller = rpcControllerFactory.newController();
       controller.setPriority(tableName);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void cancel() {
       controller.startCancel();
     }
 
     /**
      * Two responsibilities
      * - if the call is already completed (by another replica) stops the retries.
      * - set the location to the right region, depending on the replica.
      */
     @Override
     public void prepare(final boolean reload) throws IOException {
       if (controller.isCanceled()) return;
 
       if (Thread.interrupted()) {
         throw new InterruptedIOException();
       }
 
       if (reload || location == null) {
         RegionLocations rl = getRegionLocations(false, id, cConnection, tableName, get.getRow());
         location = id < rl.size() ? rl.getRegionLocation(id) : null;
       }
 
       if (location == null || location.getServerName() == null) {
         // With this exception, there will be a retry. The location can be null for a replica
         //  when the table is created or after a split.
         throw new HBaseIOException("There is no location for replica id #" + id);
       }
 
       ServerName dest = location.getServerName();
 
       setStub(cConnection.getClient(dest));
     }
 
     @Override
     public Result call(int callTimeout) throws Exception {
       if (controller.isCanceled()) return null;
 
       if (Thread.interrupted()) {
         throw new InterruptedIOException();
       }
 
       byte[] reg = location.getRegionInfo().getRegionName();
 
       ClientProtos.GetRequest request =
           RequestConverter.buildGetRequest(reg, get);
       controller.reset();
       controller.setCallTimeout(callTimeout);
 
       try {
         ClientProtos.GetResponse response = getStub().get(controller, request);
         if (response == null) {
           return null;
         }
         return ProtobufUtil.toResult(response.getResult(), controller.cellScanner());
       } catch (ServiceException se) {
         throw ProtobufUtil.getRemoteException(se);
       }
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean isCancelled() {
       return controller.isCanceled();
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * <p>
    * Algo:
    * - we put the query into the execution pool.
    * - after x ms, if we don't have a result, we add the queries for the secondary replicas
    * - we take the first answer
    * - when done, we cancel what's left. Cancelling means:
    * - removing from the pool if the actual call was not started
    * - interrupting the call if it has started
    * Client side, we need to take into account
    * - a call is not executed immediately after being put into the pool
    * - a call is a thread. Let's not multiply the number of thread by the number of replicas.
    * Server side, if we can cancel when it's still in the handler pool, it's much better, as a call
    * can take some i/o.
    * </p>
    * Globally, the number of retries, timeout and so on still applies, but it's per replica,
    * not global. We continue until all retries are done, or all timeouts are exceeded.
    */
   public Result call(int operationTimeout)
       throws DoNotRetryIOException, InterruptedIOException, RetriesExhaustedException {
     boolean isTargetReplicaSpecified = (get.getReplicaId() >= 0);
 
     RegionLocations rl = null;
     boolean skipPrimary = false;
     try {
       rl = getRegionLocations(true,
         (isTargetReplicaSpecified ? get.getReplicaId() : RegionReplicaUtil.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID),
         cConnection, tableName, get.getRow());
     } catch (RetriesExhaustedException | DoNotRetryIOException e) {
       // When there is no specific replica id specified. It just needs to load all replicas.
       if (isTargetReplicaSpecified) {
         throw e;
       } else {
         // We cannot get the primary replica location, it is possible that the region
         // server hosting meta is down, it needs to proceed to try cached replicas.
         if (cConnection instanceof ConnectionManager.HConnectionImplementation) {
           rl = ((ConnectionManager.HConnectionImplementation)cConnection).getCachedLocation(
               tableName, get.getRow());
           if (rl == null) {
             // No cached locations
             throw e;
           }
 
           // Primary replica location is not known, skip primary replica
           skipPrimary = true;
         } else {
           // For completeness
           throw e;
         }
       }
     }
 
     final ResultBoundedCompletionService<Result> cs =
         new ResultBoundedCompletionService<>(this.rpcRetryingCallerFactory, pool, rl.size());
 
     int startIndex = 0;
     int endIndex = rl.size();
 
     if(isTargetReplicaSpecified) {
       addCallsForReplica(cs, rl, get.getReplicaId(), get.getReplicaId());
       endIndex = 1;
     } else {
       if (!skipPrimary) {
         addCallsForReplica(cs, rl, 0, 0);
         try {
           // wait for the timeout to see whether the primary responds back
           Future<Result> f = cs.poll(timeBeforeReplicas, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS); // Yes, microseconds
           if (f != null) {
             return f.get(); //great we got a response
           }
           if (cConnection.getConnectionMetrics() != null) {
             cConnection.getConnectionMetrics().incrHedgedReadOps();
           }
         } catch (ExecutionException e) {
           // We ignore the ExecutionException and continue with the secondary replicas
           if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
             LOG.debug("Primary replica returns " + e.getCause());
           }
 
           // Skip the result from the primary as we know that there is something wrong
           startIndex = 1;
         } catch (CancellationException e) {
           throw new InterruptedIOException();
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           throw new InterruptedIOException();
         }
       } else {
         // Since primary replica is skipped, the endIndex needs to be adjusted accordingly
         endIndex --;
       }
 
       // submit call for the all of the secondaries at once
       addCallsForReplica(cs, rl, 1, rl.size() - 1);
     }
 
     try {
       ResultBoundedCompletionService<Result>.QueueingFuture<Result> f =
           cs.pollForFirstSuccessfullyCompletedTask(operationTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, startIndex, endIndex);
       if (f == null) {
         throw new RetriesExhaustedException("Timed out after " + operationTimeout +
             "ms. Get is sent to replicas with startIndex: " + startIndex +
             ", endIndex: " + endIndex + ", Locations: " + rl);
       }
       if (cConnection.getConnectionMetrics() != null && !isTargetReplicaSpecified &&
           !skipPrimary && f.getReplicaId() != RegionReplicaUtil.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID) {
         cConnection.getConnectionMetrics().incrHedgedReadWin();
       }
       return f.get();
     } catch (ExecutionException e) {
       throwEnrichedException(e, retries);
     } catch (CancellationException e) {
       throw new InterruptedIOException();
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
       throw new InterruptedIOException();
     } finally {
       // We get there because we were interrupted or because one or more of the
       // calls succeeded or failed. In all case, we stop all our tasks.
       cs.cancelAll();
     }
 
     LOG.error("Imposible? Arrive at an unreachable line..."); // unreachable
     return null; // unreachable
   }
 
   /**
    * Extract the real exception from the ExecutionException, and throws what makes more
    * sense.
    */
   static void throwEnrichedException(ExecutionException e, int retries)
       throws RetriesExhaustedException, DoNotRetryIOException {
     Throwable t = e.getCause();
     assert t != null; // That's what ExecutionException is about: holding an exception
 
     if (t instanceof RetriesExhaustedException) {
       throw (RetriesExhaustedException) t;
     }
 
     if (t instanceof DoNotRetryIOException) {
       throw (DoNotRetryIOException) t;
     }
 
     if (t instanceof NeedUnmanagedConnectionException) {
       throw new DoNotRetryIOException(t);
     }
 
     RetriesExhaustedException.ThrowableWithExtraContext qt =
         new RetriesExhaustedException.ThrowableWithExtraContext(t,
             EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime(), null);
 
     List<RetriesExhaustedException.ThrowableWithExtraContext> exceptions =
         Collections.singletonList(qt);
 
     throw new RetriesExhaustedException(retries, exceptions);
   }
 
   /**
    * Creates the calls and submit them
    *
    * @param cs  - the completion service to use for submitting
    * @param rl  - the region locations
    * @param min - the id of the first replica, inclusive
    * @param max - the id of the last replica, inclusive.
    */
   private void addCallsForReplica(ResultBoundedCompletionService<Result> cs,
                                  RegionLocations rl, int min, int max) {
     for (int id = min; id <= max; id++) {
       HRegionLocation hrl = rl.getRegionLocation(id);
       ReplicaRegionServerCallable callOnReplica = new ReplicaRegionServerCallable(id, hrl);
       cs.submit(callOnReplica, callTimeout, id);
     }
   }
 
   static RegionLocations getRegionLocations(boolean useCache, int replicaId,
                  ClusterConnection cConnection, TableName tableName, byte[] row)
       throws RetriesExhaustedException, DoNotRetryIOException, InterruptedIOException {
 
     RegionLocations rl;
     try {
       if (useCache) {
         rl = cConnection.locateRegion(tableName, row, true, true, replicaId);
       } else {
         rl = cConnection.relocateRegion(tableName, row, replicaId);
       }
     } catch (DoNotRetryIOException e) {
       throw e;
     } catch (NeedUnmanagedConnectionException e) {
       throw new DoNotRetryIOException(e);
     } catch (RetriesExhaustedException e) {
       throw e;
     } catch (InterruptedIOException e) {
       throw e;
     } catch (IOException e) {
       throw new RetriesExhaustedException("Cannot get the location for replica" + replicaId
           + " of region for " + Bytes.toStringBinary(row) + " in " + tableName, e);
     }
     if (rl == null) {
       throw new RetriesExhaustedException("Cannot get the location for replica" + replicaId
           + " of region for " + Bytes.toStringBinary(row) + " in " + tableName);
     }
 
     return rl;
   }
 }