Package org.apache.commons.lang3

# Class ArrayUtils

java.lang.Object
org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils

public class ArrayUtils extends Object
Operations on arrays, primitive arrays (like `int[]`) and primitive wrapper arrays (like `Integer[]`).

This class tries to handle `null` input gracefully. An exception will not be thrown for a `null` array input. However, an Object array that contains a `null` element may throw an exception. Each method documents its behavior.

#ThreadSafe#

Since:
  2.0

- ## Field Summary

  Fields
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `static final boolean[]`
  `EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `boolean` array.
  `static final Boolean[]`
  `EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Boolean` array.
  `static final byte[]`
  `EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `byte` array.
  `static final Byte[]`
  `EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Byte` array.
  `static final char[]`
  `EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `char` array.
  `static final Character[]`
  `EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Character` array.
  `static final Class<?>[]`
  `EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Class` array.
  `static final double[]`
  `EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `double` array.
  `static final Double[]`
  `EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Double` array.
  `static final Field[]`
  `EMPTY_FIELD_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Field` array.
  `static final float[]`
  `EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `float` array.
  `static final Float[]`
  `EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Float` array.
  `static final int[]`
  `EMPTY_INT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `int` array.
  `static final Integer[]`
  `EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Integer` array.
  `static final long[]`
  `EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `long` array.
  `static final Long[]`
  `EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Long` array.
  `static final Method[]`
  `EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Method` array.
  `static final Object[]`
  `EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Object` array.
  `static final short[]`
  `EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `short` array.
  `static final Short[]`
  `EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Short` array.
  `static final String[]`
  `EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `String` array.
  `static final Throwable[]`
  `EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Throwable` array.
  `static final Type[]`
  `EMPTY_TYPE_ARRAY`
  An empty immutable `Type` array.
  `static final int`
  `INDEX_NOT_FOUND`
  The index value when an element is not found in a list or array: `-1`.
  `static int`
  `SOFT_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
  The `SOFT_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH` constant from Java's internal ArraySupport class.

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `ArrayUtils()`
  Deprecated.
  TODO Make private in 4.0.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `static boolean[]`
  `add(boolean[] array, boolean element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `add(boolean[] array, int index, boolean element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, boolean[], boolean...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static byte[]`
  `add(byte[] array, byte element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static byte[]`
  `add(byte[] array, int index, byte element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, byte[], byte...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static char[]`
  `add(char[] array, char element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static char[]`
  `add(char[] array, int index, char element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, char[], char...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static double[]`
  `add(double[] array, double element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static double[]`
  `add(double[] array, int index, double element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, double[], double...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static float[]`
  `add(float[] array, float element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static float[]`
  `add(float[] array, int index, float element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, float[], float...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static int[]`
  `add(int[] array, int element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static int[]`
  `add(int[] array, int index, int element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, int[], int...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static long[]`
  `add(long[] array, int index, long element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, long[], long...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static long[]`
  `add(long[] array, long element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static short[]`
  `add(short[] array, int index, short element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, short[], short...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static short[]`
  `add(short[] array, short element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `add(T[] array, int index, T element)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been superseded by `insert(int, T[], T...)` and may be removed in a future release.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `add(T[] array, T element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `addAll(boolean[] array1, boolean... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static byte[]`
  `addAll(byte[] array1, byte... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static char[]`
  `addAll(char[] array1, char... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static double[]`
  `addAll(double[] array1, double... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static float[]`
  `addAll(float[] array1, float... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static int[]`
  `addAll(int[] array1, int... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static long[]`
  `addAll(long[] array1, long... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static short[]`
  `addAll(short[] array1, short... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `addAll(T[] array1, T... array2)`
  Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `addFirst(boolean[] array, boolean element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static byte[]`
  `addFirst(byte[] array, byte element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static char[]`
  `addFirst(char[] array, char element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static double[]`
  `addFirst(double[] array, double element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static float[]`
  `addFirst(float[] array, float element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static int[]`
  `addFirst(int[] array, int element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static long[]`
  `addFirst(long[] array, long element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static short[]`
  `addFirst(short[] array, short element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `addFirst(T[] array, T element)`
  Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
  `static <T> T`
  `arraycopy(T source, int sourcePos, int destPos, int length, Function<Integer,T> allocator)`
  A fluent version of `System.arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)` that returns the destination array.
  `static <T> T`
  `arraycopy(T source, int sourcePos, int destPos, int length, Supplier<T> allocator)`
  A fluent version of `System.arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)` that returns the destination array.
  `static <T> T`
  `arraycopy(T source, int sourcePos, T dest, int destPos, int length)`
  A fluent version of `System.arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)` that returns the destination array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `clone(boolean[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static byte[]`
  `clone(byte[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static char[]`
  `clone(char[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static double[]`
  `clone(double[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static float[]`
  `clone(float[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static int[]`
  `clone(int[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static long[]`
  `clone(long[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static short[]`
  `clone(short[] array)`
  Clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `clone(T[] array)`
  Shallow clones an array or returns `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(char[] array, char valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(double[] array, double valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)`
  Checks if a value falling within the given tolerance is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(float[] array, float valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(int[] array, int valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(long[] array, long valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(short[] array, short valueToFind)`
  Checks if the value is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `contains(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)`
  Checks if the object is in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `containsAny(int[] array, int... objectsToFind)`
  Checks if any of the ints are in the given array.
  `static boolean`
  `containsAny(Object[] array, Object... objectsToFind)`
  Checks if any of the objects are in the given array.
  `static <T> T`
  `get(T[] array, int index)`
  Gets the nTh element of an array or null if the index is out of bounds or the array is null.
  `static <T> T`
  `get(T[] array, int index, T defaultValue)`
  Gets the nTh element of an array or a default value if the index is out of bounds.
  `static <T> Class<T>`
  `getComponentType(T[] array)`
  Gets an array's component type.
  `static int`
  `getLength(Object array)`
  Gets the length of the specified array.
  `static int`
  `hashCode(Object array)`
  Gets a hash code for an array handling multidimensional arrays correctly.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)`
  Finds the indices of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)`
  Finds the indices of the given object in the array.
  `static BitSet`
  `indexesOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the indices of the given object in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)`
  Finds the index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)`
  Finds the index of the given object in the array.
  `static int`
  `indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.
  `static boolean[]`
  `insert(int index, boolean[] array, boolean... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static byte[]`
  `insert(int index, byte[] array, byte... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static char[]`
  `insert(int index, char[] array, char... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static double[]`
  `insert(int index, double[] array, double... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static float[]`
  `insert(int index, float[] array, float... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static int[]`
  `insert(int index, int[] array, int... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static long[]`
  `insert(int index, long[] array, long... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static short[]`
  `insert(int index, short[] array, short... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static <T> T[]`
  `insert(int index, T[] array, T... values)`
  Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
  `static <T> boolean`
  `isArrayIndexValid(T[] array, int index)`
  Tests whether a given array can safely be accessed at the given index.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(boolean[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive booleans is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(byte[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive bytes is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(char[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive chars is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(double[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive doubles is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(float[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive floats is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(int[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive ints is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(long[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive longs is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(short[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive shorts is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEmpty(Object[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of Objects is empty or `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isEquals(Object array1, Object array2)`
  Deprecated.
  this method has been replaced by `java.util.Objects.deepEquals(Object, Object)` and will be removed from future releases.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(boolean[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive booleans is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(byte[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive bytes is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(char[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive chars is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(double[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive doubles is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(float[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive floats is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(int[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive ints is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(long[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive longs is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(short[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of primitive shorts is not empty and not `null`.
  `static <T> boolean`
  `isNotEmpty(T[] array)`
  Tests whether an array of Objects is not empty and not `null`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(boolean[] array1, boolean[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(byte[] array1, byte[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(char[] array1, char[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(double[] array1, double[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(float[] array1, float[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(int[] array1, int[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(long[] array1, long[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(short[] array1, short[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(Object[] array1, Object[] array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameLength(Object array1, Object array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
  `static boolean`
  `isSameType(Object array1, Object array2)`
  Tests whether two arrays are the same type taking into account multidimensional arrays.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(boolean[] array)`
  Tests whether whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering (`false` before `true`).
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(byte[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(char[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(double[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(float[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(int[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(long[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static boolean`
  `isSorted(short[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
  `static <T extends Comparable<? super T>>
  boolean`
  `isSorted(T[] array)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to the class's `compareTo` method.
  `static <T> boolean`
  `isSorted(T[] array, Comparator<T> comparator)`
  Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to the provided `Comparator`.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)`
  Finds the last index of the given object within the array.
  `static int`
  `lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)`
  Finds the last index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `newInstance(Class<T> componentType, int length)`
  Delegates to `Array.newInstance(Class,int)` using generics.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `nullTo(T[] array, T[] defaultArray)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static boolean[]`
  `nullToEmpty(boolean[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static byte[]`
  `nullToEmpty(byte[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static char[]`
  `nullToEmpty(char[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static double[]`
  `nullToEmpty(double[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static float[]`
  `nullToEmpty(float[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static int[]`
  `nullToEmpty(int[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static long[]`
  `nullToEmpty(long[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static short[]`
  `nullToEmpty(short[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Boolean[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Boolean[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Byte[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Byte[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Character[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Character[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Class<?>[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Class<?>[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Double[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Double[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Float[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Float[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Integer[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Integer[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Long[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Long[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Object[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Object[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static Short[]`
  `nullToEmpty(Short[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static String[]`
  `nullToEmpty(String[] array)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `nullToEmpty(T[] array, Class<T[]> type)`
  Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
  `static boolean[]`
  `remove(boolean[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static byte[]`
  `remove(byte[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static char[]`
  `remove(char[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static double[]`
  `remove(double[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static float[]`
  `remove(float[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static int[]`
  `remove(int[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static long[]`
  `remove(long[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static short[]`
  `remove(short[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `remove(T[] array, int index)`
  Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `removeAll(boolean[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static byte[]`
  `removeAll(byte[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static char[]`
  `removeAll(char[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static double[]`
  `removeAll(double[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static float[]`
  `removeAll(float[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static int[]`
  `removeAll(int[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static long[]`
  `removeAll(long[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static short[]`
  `removeAll(short[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `removeAll(T[] array, int... indices)`
  Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(boolean[] array, boolean element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(boolean[], boolean)`
  `static byte[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(byte[] array, byte element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(byte[], byte)`
  `static char[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(char[] array, char element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(char[], char)`
  `static double[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(double[] array, double element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(double[], double)`
  `static float[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(float[] array, float element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(float[], float)`
  `static int[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(int[] array, int element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(int[], int)`
  `static long[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(long[] array, long element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(long[], long)`
  `static short[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(short[] array, short element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(short[], short)`
  `static <T> T[]`
  `removeAllOccurences(T[] array, T element)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `removeAllOccurrences(Object[], Object)`
  `static boolean[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(boolean[] array, boolean element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified boolean array.
  `static byte[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(byte[] array, byte element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified byte array.
  `static char[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(char[] array, char element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified char array.
  `static double[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(double[] array, double element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified double array.
  `static float[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(float[] array, float element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified float array.
  `static int[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(int[] array, int element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified int array.
  `static long[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(long[] array, long element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified long array.
  `static short[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(short[] array, short element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified short array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `removeAllOccurrences(T[] array, T element)`
  Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `removeElement(boolean[] array, boolean element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static byte[]`
  `removeElement(byte[] array, byte element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static char[]`
  `removeElement(char[] array, char element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static double[]`
  `removeElement(double[] array, double element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static float[]`
  `removeElement(float[] array, float element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static int[]`
  `removeElement(int[] array, int element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static long[]`
  `removeElement(long[] array, long element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static short[]`
  `removeElement(short[] array, short element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `removeElement(T[] array, Object element)`
  Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
  `static boolean[]`
  `removeElements(boolean[] array, boolean... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static byte[]`
  `removeElements(byte[] array, byte... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static char[]`
  `removeElements(char[] array, char... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static double[]`
  `removeElements(double[] array, double... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static float[]`
  `removeElements(float[] array, float... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static int[]`
  `removeElements(int[] array, int... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static long[]`
  `removeElements(long[] array, long... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static short[]`
  `removeElements(short[] array, short... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `removeElements(T[] array, T... values)`
  Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(boolean[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(byte[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(char[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(double[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(float[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(int[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(long[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(short[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static void`
  `reverse(Object[] array)`
  Reverses the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `reverse(Object[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `setAll(T[] array, IntFunction<? extends T> generator)`
  Sets all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator supplier to compute each element.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `setAll(T[] array, Supplier<? extends T> generator)`
  Sets all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator supplier to compute each element.
  `static void`
  `shift(boolean[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given boolean array.
  `static void`
  `shift(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given boolean array.
  `static void`
  `shift(byte[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given byte array.
  `static void`
  `shift(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given byte array.
  `static void`
  `shift(char[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given char array.
  `static void`
  `shift(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given char array.
  `static void`
  `shift(double[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given double array.
  `static void`
  `shift(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given double array.
  `static void`
  `shift(float[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given float array.
  `static void`
  `shift(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given float array.
  `static void`
  `shift(int[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given int array.
  `static void`
  `shift(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given int array.
  `static void`
  `shift(long[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given long array.
  `static void`
  `shift(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given long array.
  `static void`
  `shift(short[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given short array.
  `static void`
  `shift(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given short array.
  `static void`
  `shift(Object[] array, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of the given array.
  `static void`
  `shift(Object[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)`
  Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given array.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(boolean[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(boolean[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(byte[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(byte[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(char[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(char[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(double[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(double[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(float[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(float[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(int[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(int[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(long[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(long[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(short[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(short[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(Object[] array)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static void`
  `shuffle(Object[] array, Random random)`
  Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
  `static boolean`
  `startsWith(byte[] data, byte[] expected)`
  Tests whether the given data array starts with an expected array, for example, signature bytes.
  `static boolean[]`
  `subarray(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `boolean` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static byte[]`
  `subarray(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `byte` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static char[]`
  `subarray(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `char` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static double[]`
  `subarray(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `double` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static float[]`
  `subarray(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `float` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static int[]`
  `subarray(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `int` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static long[]`
  `subarray(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `long` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static short[]`
  `subarray(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new `short` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `subarray(T[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)`
  Produces a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
  `static void`
  `swap(boolean[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given boolean array.
  `static void`
  `swap(boolean[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given boolean array.
  `static void`
  `swap(byte[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given byte array.
  `static void`
  `swap(byte[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given byte array.
  `static void`
  `swap(char[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given char array.
  `static void`
  `swap(char[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given char array.
  `static void`
  `swap(double[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given double array.
  `static void`
  `swap(double[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given double array.
  `static void`
  `swap(float[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given float array.
  `static void`
  `swap(float[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given float array.
  `static void`
  `swap(int[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given int array.
  `static void`
  `swap(int[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given int array.
  `static void`
  `swap(long[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given long array.
  `static void`
  `swap(long[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given long array.
  `static void`
  `swap(short[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given short array.
  `static void`
  `swap(short[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given short array.
  `static void`
  `swap(Object[] array, int offset1, int offset2)`
  Swaps two elements in the given array.
  `static void`
  `swap(Object[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)`
  Swaps a series of elements in the given array.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `toArray(T... items)`
  Create a type-safe generic array.
  `static Map<Object,Object>`
  `toMap(Object[] array)`
  Converts the given array into a `Map`.
  `static Boolean[]`
  `toObject(boolean[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive booleans to objects.
  `static Byte[]`
  `toObject(byte[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive bytes to objects.
  `static Character[]`
  `toObject(char[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive chars to objects.
  `static Double[]`
  `toObject(double[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive doubles to objects.
  `static Float[]`
  `toObject(float[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive floats to objects.
  `static Integer[]`
  `toObject(int[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive ints to objects.
  `static Long[]`
  `toObject(long[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive longs to objects.
  `static Short[]`
  `toObject(short[] array)`
  Converts an array of primitive shorts to objects.
  `static boolean[]`
  `toPrimitive(Boolean[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives.
  `static boolean[]`
  `toPrimitive(Boolean[] array, boolean valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives handling `null`.
  `static byte[]`
  `toPrimitive(Byte[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives.
  `static byte[]`
  `toPrimitive(Byte[] array, byte valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives handling `null`.
  `static char[]`
  `toPrimitive(Character[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Characters to primitives.
  `static char[]`
  `toPrimitive(Character[] array, char valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Character to primitives handling `null`.
  `static double[]`
  `toPrimitive(Double[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives.
  `static double[]`
  `toPrimitive(Double[] array, double valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives handling `null`.
  `static float[]`
  `toPrimitive(Float[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Floats to primitives.
  `static float[]`
  `toPrimitive(Float[] array, float valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Floats to primitives handling `null`.
  `static int[]`
  `toPrimitive(Integer[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Integers to primitives.
  `static int[]`
  `toPrimitive(Integer[] array, int valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Integer to primitives handling `null`.
  `static long[]`
  `toPrimitive(Long[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Longs to primitives.
  `static long[]`
  `toPrimitive(Long[] array, long valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Long to primitives handling `null`.
  `static Object`
  `toPrimitive(Object array)`
  Create an array of primitive type from an array of wrapper types.
  `static short[]`
  `toPrimitive(Short[] array)`
  Converts an array of object Shorts to primitives.
  `static short[]`
  `toPrimitive(Short[] array, short valueForNull)`
  Converts an array of object Short to primitives handling `null`.
  `static String`
  `toString(Object array)`
  Outputs an array as a String, treating `null` as an empty array.
  `static String`
  `toString(Object array, String stringIfNull)`
  Outputs an array as a String handling `null`s.
  `static String[]`
  `toStringArray(Object[] array)`
  Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array.
  `static String[]`
  `toStringArray(Object[] array, String valueForNullElements)`
  Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array handling `null` elements.

  ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Field Details

  - ### EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY

    public static final boolean[] EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `boolean` array.

  - ### EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Boolean[] EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Boolean` array.

  - ### EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY

    public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `byte` array.

  - ### EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Byte` array.

  - ### EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY

    public static final char[] EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `char` array.

  - ### EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Character[] EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Character` array.

  - ### EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY

    public static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Class` array.

  - ### EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY

    public static final double[] EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `double` array.

  - ### EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Double[] EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Double` array.

  - ### EMPTY_FIELD_ARRAY

    public static final Field[] EMPTY_FIELD_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Field` array.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY

    public static final float[] EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `float` array.

  - ### EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Float[] EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Float` array.

  - ### EMPTY_INT_ARRAY

    public static final int[] EMPTY_INT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `int` array.

  - ### EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Integer[] EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Integer` array.

  - ### EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY

    public static final long[] EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `long` array.

  - ### EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Long[] EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Long` array.

  - ### EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY

    public static final Method[] EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Method` array.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Object[] EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Object` array.

  - ### EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY

    public static final short[] EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `short` array.

  - ### EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY

    public static final Short[] EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Short` array.

  - ### EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY

    public static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `String` array.

  - ### EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY

    public static final Throwable[] EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Throwable` array.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### EMPTY_TYPE_ARRAY

    public static final Type[] EMPTY_TYPE_ARRAY
    An empty immutable `Type` array.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### INDEX_NOT_FOUND

    public static final int INDEX_NOT_FOUND
    The index value when an element is not found in a list or array: `-1`. This value is returned by methods in this class and can also be used in comparisons with values returned by various method from `List`.
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### SOFT_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH

    public static int SOFT_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH
    The `SOFT_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH` constant from Java's internal ArraySupport class.
    Since:
      3.19.0

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### ArrayUtils

    @Deprecated public ArrayUtils()
    Deprecated.
    TODO Make private in 4.0.
    ArrayUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as `ArrayUtils.clone(new int[] {2})`.

    This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.

- ## Method Details

  - ### add

    public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array, boolean element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, true)          = [true]
         ArrayUtils.add([true], false)       = [true, false]
         ArrayUtils.add([true, false], true) = [true, false, true]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array, int index, boolean element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, boolean[], boolean...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, true)          = [true]
         ArrayUtils.add([true], 0, false)       = [false, true]
         ArrayUtils.add([false], 1, true)       = [false, true]
         ArrayUtils.add([true, false], 1, true) = [true, true, false]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static byte[] add(byte[] array, byte element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static byte[] add(byte[] array, int index, byte element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, byte[], byte...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0, 2)         = [2, 1]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 2, 3)      = [2, 6, 3]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 0, 1)      = [1, 2, 6]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static char[] add(char[] array, char element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, '0')       = ['0']
         ArrayUtils.add(['1'], '0')      = ['1', '0']
         ArrayUtils.add(['1', '0'], '1') = ['1', '0', '1']

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static char[] add(char[] array, int index, char element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, char[], char...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, 'a')            = ['a']
         ArrayUtils.add(['a'], 0, 'b')           = ['b', 'a']
         ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b'], 0, 'c')      = ['c', 'a', 'b']
         ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b'], 1, 'k')      = ['a', 'k', 'b']
         ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b', 'c'], 1, 't') = ['a', 't', 'b', 'c']

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static double[] add(double[] array, double element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static double[] add(double[] array, int index, double element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, double[], double...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add([1.1], 0, 2.2)              = [2.2, 1.1]
         ArrayUtils.add([2.3, 6.4], 2, 10.5)        = [2.3, 6.4, 10.5]
         ArrayUtils.add([2.6, 6.7], 0, -4.8)        = [-4.8, 2.6, 6.7]
         ArrayUtils.add([2.9, 6.0, 0.3], 2, 1.0)    = [2.9, 6.0, 1.0, 0.3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static float[] add(float[] array, float element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static float[] add(float[] array, int index, float element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, float[], float...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add([1.1f], 0, 2.2f)               = [2.2f, 1.1f]
         ArrayUtils.add([2.3f, 6.4f], 2, 10.5f)        = [2.3f, 6.4f, 10.5f]
         ArrayUtils.add([2.6f, 6.7f], 0, -4.8f)        = [-4.8f, 2.6f, 6.7f]
         ArrayUtils.add([2.9f, 6.0f, 0.3f], 2, 1.0f)   = [2.9f, 6.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static int[] add(int[] array, int element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static int[] add(int[] array, int index, int element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, int[], int...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0, 2)         = [2, 1]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 2, 10)     = [2, 6, 10]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 0, -4)     = [-4, 2, 6]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static long[] add(long[] array, int index, long element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, long[], long...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add([1L], 0, 2L)           = [2L, 1L]
         ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L], 2, 10L)      = [2L, 6L, 10L]
         ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L], 0, -4L)      = [-4L, 2L, 6L]
         ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L, 3L], 2, 1L)   = [2L, 6L, 1L, 3L]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static long[] add(long[] array, long element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static short[] add(short[] array, int index, short element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, short[], short...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0, 2)         = [2, 1]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 2, 10)     = [2, 6, 10]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 0, -4)     = [-4, 2, 6]
         ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

  - ### add

    public static short[] add(short[] array, short element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
         ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### add

    @Deprecated public static <T> T[] add(T[] array, int index, T element)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been superseded by `insert(int, T[], T...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, null)      = IllegalArgumentException
         ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, "a")       = ["a"]
         ArrayUtils.add(["a"], 1, null)     = ["a", null]
         ArrayUtils.add(["a"], 1, "b")      = ["a", "b"]
         ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], 3, "c") = ["a", "b", "c"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
      `index` - the position of the new object
      `element` - the object to add
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if both array and element are null

  - ### add

    public static <T> T[] add(T[] array, T element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element, unless the element itself is null, in which case the return type is Object[]

         ArrayUtils.add(null, null)      = IllegalArgumentException
         ArrayUtils.add(null, "a")       = ["a"]
         ArrayUtils.add(["a"], null)     = ["a", null]
         ArrayUtils.add(["a"], "b")      = ["a", "b"]
         ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], "c") = ["a", "b", "c"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add, may be `null`
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element. If both are null, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if both arguments are null
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static boolean[] addAll(boolean[] array1, boolean... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new boolean[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static byte[] addAll(byte[] array1, byte... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new byte[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static char[] addAll(char[] array1, char... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new char[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static double[] addAll(double[] array1, double... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new double[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static float[] addAll(float[] array1, float... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new float[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static int[] addAll(int[] array1, int... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new int[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static long[] addAll(long[] array1, long... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new long[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static short[] addAll(short[] array1, short... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
    Returns:
      The new short[] array or `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addAll

    public static <T> T[] addAll(T[] array1, T... array2)
    Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

    The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null
         ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
         ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
         ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null
         ArrayUtils.addAll([null], [null]) = [null, null]
         ArrayUtils.addAll(["a", "b", "c"], ["1", "2", "3"]) = ["a", "b", "c", "1", "2", "3"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array, `null` if both arrays are `null`. The type of the new array is the type of the first array, unless the first array is null, in which case the type is the same as the second array.
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the array types are incompatible
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### addFirst

    public static boolean[] addFirst(boolean[] array, boolean element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, true)          = [true]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([true], false)       = [false, true]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([true, false], true) = [true, true, false]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static byte[] addFirst(byte[] array, byte element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static char[] addFirst(char[] array, char element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, '1')       = ['1']
         ArrayUtils.addFirst(['1'], '0')      = ['0', '1']
         ArrayUtils.addFirst(['1', '0'], '1') = ['1', '1', '0']

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static double[] addFirst(double[] array, double element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static float[] addFirst(float[] array, float element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static int[] addFirst(int[] array, int element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static long[] addFirst(long[] array, long element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static short[] addFirst(short[] array, short element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
      `element` - the object to add.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### addFirst

    public static <T> T[] addFirst(T[] array, T element)
    Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

    The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element, unless the element itself is null, in which case the return type is Object[]

         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, null)      = IllegalArgumentException
         ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, "a")       = ["a"]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst(["a"], null)     = [null, "a"]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst(["a"], "b")      = ["b", "a"]
         ArrayUtils.addFirst(["a", "b"], "c") = ["c", "a", "b"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`
      `element` - the object to add, may be `null`
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element. If both are null, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if both arguments are null
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### arraycopy

    public static <T> T arraycopy(T source, int sourcePos, int destPos, int length, Function<Integer,T> allocator)
    A fluent version of `System.arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)` that returns the destination array.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type.
    Parameters:
      `source` - the source array.
      `sourcePos` - starting position in the source array.
      `destPos` - starting position in the destination data.
      `length` - the number of array elements to be copied.
      `allocator` - allocates the array to populate and return.
    Returns:
      dest
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if copying would cause access of data outside array bounds.
      `ArrayStoreException` - if an element in the `src` array could not be stored into the `dest` array because of a type mismatch.
      `NullPointerException` - if either `src` or `dest` is `null`.
    Since:
      3.15.0

  - ### arraycopy

    public static <T> T arraycopy(T source, int sourcePos, int destPos, int length, Supplier<T> allocator)
    A fluent version of `System.arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)` that returns the destination array.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type.
    Parameters:
      `source` - the source array.
      `sourcePos` - starting position in the source array.
      `destPos` - starting position in the destination data.
      `length` - the number of array elements to be copied.
      `allocator` - allocates the array to populate and return.
    Returns:
      dest
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if copying would cause access of data outside array bounds.
      `ArrayStoreException` - if an element in the `src` array could not be stored into the `dest` array because of a type mismatch.
      `NullPointerException` - if either `src` or `dest` is `null`.
    Since:
      3.15.0

  - ### arraycopy

    public static <T> T arraycopy(T source, int sourcePos, T dest, int destPos, int length)
    A fluent version of `System.arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)` that returns the destination array.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type
    Parameters:
      `source` - the source array.
      `sourcePos` - starting position in the source array.
      `dest` - the destination array.
      `destPos` - starting position in the destination data.
      `length` - the number of array elements to be copied.
    Returns:
      dest
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if copying would cause access of data outside array bounds.
      `ArrayStoreException` - if an element in the `src` array could not be stored into the `dest` array because of a type mismatch.
      `NullPointerException` - if either `src` or `dest` is `null`.
    Since:
      3.15.0

  - ### clone

    public static boolean[] clone(boolean[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static byte[] clone(byte[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static char[] clone(char[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static double[] clone(double[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static float[] clone(float[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static int[] clone(int[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static long[] clone(long[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static short[] clone(short[] array)
    Clones an array or returns `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### clone

    public static <T> T[] clone(T[] array)
    Shallow clones an array or returns `null`.

    The objects in the array are not cloned, thus there is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shallow clone, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(byte[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(byte[], byte)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(char[] array, char valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(char[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(char[], char)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(double[] array, double valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(double[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(double[], double)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)
    Checks if a value falling within the given tolerance is in the given array. If the array contains a value within the inclusive range defined by (value - tolerance) to (value + tolerance).

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(double[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(double[], double)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `tolerance` - the array contains the tolerance of the search
    Returns:
      true if value falling within tolerance is in array

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(float[] array, float valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(float[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(float[], float)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(int[] array, int valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(int[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(int[], int)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(long[] array, long valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(long[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(long[], long)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)
    Checks if the object is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(Object[], Comparator)` and `Arrays.binarySearch(Object[], Object)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search, may be `null`.
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### contains

    public static boolean contains(short[] array, short valueToFind)
    Checks if the value is in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(short[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(short[], short)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains the object

  - ### containsAny

    public static boolean containsAny(int[] array, int... objectsToFind)
    Checks if any of the ints are in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(int[])` and `Arrays.binarySearch(int[], int)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search
      `objectsToFind` - any of the ints to find
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains any of the ints
    Since:
      3.18.0

  - ### containsAny

    public static boolean containsAny(Object[] array, Object... objectsToFind)
    Checks if any of the objects are in the given array.

    The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

    If the `array` elements you are searching implement `Comparator`, consider whether it is worth using `Arrays.sort(Object[], Comparator)` and `Arrays.binarySearch(Object[], Object)`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search, may be `null`.
      `objectsToFind` - any of the objects to find, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      `true` if the array contains any of the objects
    Since:
      3.13.0

  - ### get

    public static <T> T get(T[] array, int index)
    Gets the nTh element of an array or null if the index is out of bounds or the array is null.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The type of array elements.
    Parameters:
      `array` - The array to index.
      `index` - The index
    Returns:
      the nTh element of an array or null if the index is out of bounds or the array is null.
    Since:
      3.11

  - ### get

    public static <T> T get(T[] array, int index, T defaultValue)
    Gets the nTh element of an array or a default value if the index is out of bounds.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The type of array elements.
    Parameters:
      `array` - The array to index.
      `index` - The index
      `defaultValue` - The return value of the given index is out of bounds.
    Returns:
      the nTh element of an array or a default value if the index is out of bounds.
    Since:
      3.11

  - ### getComponentType

    public static <T> Class<T> getComponentType(T[] array)
    Gets an array's component type.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The array type.
    Parameters:
      `array` - The array.
    Returns:
      The component type.
    Since:
      3.13.0

  - ### getLength

    public static int getLength(Object array)
    Gets the length of the specified array. This method can deal with `Object` arrays and with primitive arrays.

    If the input array is `null`, `0` is returned.

         ArrayUtils.getLength(null)            = 0
         ArrayUtils.getLength([])              = 0
         ArrayUtils.getLength([null])          = 1
         ArrayUtils.getLength([true, false])   = 2
         ArrayUtils.getLength([1, 2, 3])       = 3
         ArrayUtils.getLength(["a", "b", "c"]) = 3

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to retrieve the length from, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      The length of the array, or `0` if the array is `null`
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the object argument is not an array.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### hashCode

    public static int hashCode(Object array)
    Gets a hash code for an array handling multidimensional arrays correctly.

    Multi-dimensional primitive arrays are also handled correctly by this method.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to get a hash code for, `null` returns zero
    Returns:
      a hash code for the array

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)
    Finds the indices of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.

    This method will return all the indices of the value which fall between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance, each time between the nearest integers.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method will return the indices of the values which fall between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance, between the nearest integers.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
    Returns:
      a BitSet of the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given object in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`.
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the object within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`.
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`.
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the object within the array starting at the index, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexesOf

    public static BitSet indexesOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)
    Finds the index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array. This method will return the index of the first value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index. This method will return the index of the first value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)
    Finds the index of the given object in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`.
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      the index of the object within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`.
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`.
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the object within the array starting at the index, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### indexOf

    public static int indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### insert

    public static boolean[] insert(int index, boolean[] array, boolean... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static byte[] insert(int index, byte[] array, byte... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static char[] insert(int index, char[] array, char... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static double[] insert(int index, double[] array, double... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static float[] insert(int index, float[] array, float... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static int[] insert(int index, int[] array, int... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static long[] insert(int index, long[] array, long... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    public static short[] insert(int index, short[] array, short... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### insert

    @SafeVarargs public static <T> T[] insert(int index, T[] array, T... values)
    Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

    When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
         ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The type of elements in `array` and `values`
    Parameters:
      `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
      `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
      `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
    Returns:
      The new array or `null` if the given array is `null`.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### isArrayIndexValid

    public static <T> boolean isArrayIndexValid(T[] array, int index)
    Tests whether a given array can safely be accessed at the given index.

         ArrayUtils.isArrayIndexValid(null, 0)       = false
         ArrayUtils.isArrayIndexValid([], 0)         = false
         ArrayUtils.isArrayIndexValid(["a"], 0)      = true

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to inspect, may be `null`.
      `index` - the index of the array to be inspected
    Returns:
      Whether the given index is safely-accessible in the given array
    Since:
      3.8

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(boolean[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive booleans is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(byte[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive bytes is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(char[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive chars is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(double[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive doubles is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(float[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive floats is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(int[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive ints is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(long[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive longs is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(Object[] array)
    Tests whether an array of Objects is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEmpty

    public static boolean isEmpty(short[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive shorts is empty or `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is empty or `null`
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### isEquals

    @Deprecated public static boolean isEquals(Object array1, Object array2)
    Deprecated.
    this method has been replaced by `java.util.Objects.deepEquals(Object, Object)` and will be removed from future releases.
    Tests whether two arrays have equal content, using equals(), handling multidimensional arrays correctly.

    Multi-dimensional primitive arrays are also handled correctly by this method.

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the left-hand side array to compare, may be `null`
      `array2` - the right-hand side array to compare, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if the arrays are equal

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(boolean[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive booleans is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(byte[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive bytes is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(char[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive chars is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(double[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive doubles is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(float[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive floats is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(int[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive ints is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(long[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive longs is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static boolean isNotEmpty(short[] array)
    Tests whether an array of primitive shorts is not empty and not `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isNotEmpty

    public static <T> boolean isNotEmpty(T[] array)
    Tests whether an array of Objects is not empty and not `null`.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to test
    Returns:
      `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(boolean[] array1, boolean[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(byte[] array1, byte[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(char[] array1, char[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(double[] array1, double[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(float[] array1, float[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(int[] array1, int[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(long[] array1, long[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(Object array1, Object array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

    Any multi-dimensional aspects of the arrays are ignored.

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array
    Since:
      3.11

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(Object[] array1, Object[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

    Any multi-dimensional aspects of the arrays are ignored.

    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameLength

    public static boolean isSameLength(short[] array1, short[] array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

  - ### isSameType

    public static boolean isSameType(Object array1, Object array2)
    Tests whether two arrays are the same type taking into account multidimensional arrays.
    Parameters:
      `array1` - the first array, must not be `null`
      `array2` - the second array, must not be `null`
    Returns:
      `true` if type of arrays matches
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if either array is `null`

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(boolean[] array)
    Tests whether whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering (`false` before `true`).
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(byte[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(char[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(double[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(float[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(int[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(long[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static boolean isSorted(short[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> boolean isSorted(T[] array)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to the class's `compareTo` method.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the datatype of the array to check, it must implement `Comparable`
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### isSorted

    public static <T> boolean isSorted(T[] array, Comparator<T> comparator)
    Tests whether the provided array is sorted according to the provided `Comparator`.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the datatype of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check
      `comparator` - the `Comparator` to compare over
    Returns:
      whether the array is sorted
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if `comparator` is `null`
    Since:
      3.4

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if `null` array input.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)
    Finds the last index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array. This method will return the index of the last value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to search for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
    Returns:
      the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index. This method will return the index of the last value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      `tolerance` - search for value within plus/minus this amount
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given object within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
    Returns:
      the last index of the object within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the object within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)
    Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the object to find
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### lastIndexOf

    public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)
    Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

    This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

    A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
      `valueToFind` - the value to find
      `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
    Returns:
      the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

  - ### newInstance

    public static <T> T[] newInstance(Class<T> componentType, int length)
    Delegates to `Array.newInstance(Class,int)` using generics.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The array type.
    Parameters:
      `componentType` - The array class.
      `length` - the array length
    Returns:
      The new array.
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the specified `componentType` parameter is null.
    Since:
      3.13.0

  - ### nullTo

    public static <T> T[] nullTo(T[] array, T[] defaultArray)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns a default array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The array type.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      `defaultArray` - A default array, usually empty.
    Returns:
      the same array, or defaultArray if `null` or empty input.
    Since:
      3.15.0

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static boolean[] nullToEmpty(boolean[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Boolean[] nullToEmpty(Boolean[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static byte[] nullToEmpty(byte[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Byte[] nullToEmpty(Byte[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static char[] nullToEmpty(char[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Character[] nullToEmpty(Character[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Class<?>[] nullToEmpty(Class<?>[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static double[] nullToEmpty(double[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Double[] nullToEmpty(Double[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static float[] nullToEmpty(float[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Float[] nullToEmpty(Float[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static int[] nullToEmpty(int[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Integer[] nullToEmpty(Integer[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static long[] nullToEmpty(long[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Long[] nullToEmpty(Long[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Object[] nullToEmpty(Object[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static short[] nullToEmpty(short[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static Short[] nullToEmpty(Short[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static String[] nullToEmpty(String[] array)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
    Since:
      2.5

  - ### nullToEmpty

    public static <T> T[] nullToEmpty(T[] array, Class<T[]> type)
    Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

    This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the class type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      `type` - the class representation of the desired array
    Returns:
      the same array, `public static` empty array if `null`
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the type argument is null
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### remove

    public static boolean[] remove(boolean[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([true], 0)              = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([true, false], 0)       = [false]
         ArrayUtils.remove([true, false], 1)       = [true]
         ArrayUtils.remove([true, true, false], 1) = [true, false]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static byte[] remove(byte[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)          = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0], 0)       = [0]
         ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0], 1)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0, 1], 1)    = [1, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static char[] remove(char[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove(['a'], 0)           = []
         ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b'], 0)      = ['b']
         ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b'], 1)      = ['a']
         ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b', 'c'], 1) = ['a', 'c']

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static double[] remove(double[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([1.1], 0)           = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 0)      = [6.0]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 1)      = [2.5]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0, 3.8], 1) = [2.5, 3.8]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static float[] remove(float[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([1.1], 0)           = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 0)      = [6.0]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 1)      = [2.5]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0, 3.8], 1) = [2.5, 3.8]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static int[] remove(int[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)         = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 0)      = [6]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 1)      = [2]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static long[] remove(long[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)         = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 0)      = [6]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 1)      = [2]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static short[] remove(short[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)         = []
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 0)      = [6]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 1)      = [2]
         ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### remove

    public static <T> T[] remove(T[] array, int index)
    Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.remove(["a"], 0)           = []
         ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b"], 0)      = ["b"]
         ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b"], 1)      = ["a"]
         ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b", "c"], 1) = ["a", "c"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `index` - the position of the element to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static boolean[] removeAll(boolean[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([true, false, true], 0, 2) = [false]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([true, false, true], 1, 2) = [true]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static byte[] removeAll(byte[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static char[] removeAll(char[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static double[] removeAll(double[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static float[] removeAll(float[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static int[] removeAll(int[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static long[] removeAll(long[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static short[] removeAll(short[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAll

    public static <T> T[] removeAll(T[] array, int... indices)
    Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

    If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

         ArrayUtils.removeAll(["a", "b", "c"], 0, 2) = ["b"]
         ArrayUtils.removeAll(["a", "b", "c"], 1, 2) = ["a"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
      `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static boolean[] removeAllOccurences(boolean[] array, boolean element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(boolean[], boolean)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified boolean array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static byte[] removeAllOccurences(byte[] array, byte element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(byte[], byte)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified byte array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static char[] removeAllOccurences(char[] array, char element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(char[], char)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified char array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static double[] removeAllOccurences(double[] array, double element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(double[], double)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified double array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static float[] removeAllOccurences(float[] array, float element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(float[], float)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified float array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static int[] removeAllOccurences(int[] array, int element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(int[], int)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified int array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static long[] removeAllOccurences(long[] array, long element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(long[], long)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified long array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static short[] removeAllOccurences(short[] array, short element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(short[], short)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified short array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurences

    @Deprecated public static <T> T[] removeAllOccurences(T[] array, T element)
    Deprecated.
    Use `removeAllOccurrences(Object[], Object)`
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of object in the array, may be `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static boolean[] removeAllOccurrences(boolean[] array, boolean element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified boolean array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static byte[] removeAllOccurrences(byte[] array, byte element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified byte array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static char[] removeAllOccurrences(char[] array, char element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified char array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static double[] removeAllOccurrences(double[] array, double element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified double array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static float[] removeAllOccurrences(float[] array, float element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified float array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static int[] removeAllOccurrences(int[] array, int element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified int array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static long[] removeAllOccurrences(long[] array, long element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified long array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static short[] removeAllOccurrences(short[] array, short element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified short array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeAllOccurrences

    public static <T> T[] removeAllOccurrences(T[] array, T element)
    Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified array.

    All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of object in the array, may be `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to remove, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
    Since:
      3.10

  - ### removeElement

    public static boolean[] removeElement(boolean[] array, boolean element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, true)                = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], true)                  = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([true], false)             = [true]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false], false)      = [true]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false, true], true) = [false, true]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static byte[] removeElement(byte[] array, byte element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)        = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)          = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 0)         = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 0], 0)      = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 0, 1], 1)   = [0, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static char[] removeElement(char[] array, char element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 'a')            = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 'a')              = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a'], 'b')           = ['a']
         ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a', 'b'], 'a')      = ['b']
         ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a', 'b', 'a'], 'a') = ['b', 'a']

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static double[] removeElement(double[] array, double element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1.1)            = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1.1)              = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1], 1.2)           = [1.1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3], 1.1)      = [2.3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3, 1.1], 1.1) = [2.3, 1.1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static float[] removeElement(float[] array, float element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1.1)            = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1.1)              = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1], 1.2)           = [1.1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3], 1.1)      = [2.3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3, 1.1], 1.1) = [2.3, 1.1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static int[] removeElement(int[] array, int element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 2)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3], 1)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static long[] removeElement(long[] array, long element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 2)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3], 1)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static short[] removeElement(short[] array, short element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 2)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3], 1)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElement

    public static <T> T[] removeElement(T[] array, Object element)
    Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contain such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, "a")            = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElement([], "a")              = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a"], "b")           = ["a"]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a", "b"], "a")      = ["b"]
         ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a", "b", "a"], "a") = ["b", "a"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, may be `null`.
      `element` - the element to be removed, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
    Since:
      2.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static boolean[] removeElements(boolean[] array, boolean... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, true, false)               = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], true, false)                 = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([true], false, false)            = [true]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([true, false], true, true)       = [false]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([true, false, true], true)       = [false, true]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([true, false, true], true, true) = [false]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static byte[] removeElements(byte[] array, byte... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static char[] removeElements(char[] array, char... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static double[] removeElements(double[] array, double... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static float[] removeElements(float[] array, float... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static int[] removeElements(int[] array, int... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static long[] removeElements(long[] array, long... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    public static short[] removeElements(short[] array, short... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### removeElements

    @SafeVarargs public static <T> T[] removeElements(T[] array, T... values)
    Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

    This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

         ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, "a", "b")            = null
         ArrayUtils.removeElements([], "a", "b")              = []
         ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a"], "b", "c")           = ["a"]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b"], "a", "c")      = ["b"]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b", "a"], "a")      = ["b", "a"]
         ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b", "a"], "a", "a") = ["b"]

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the input array, will not be modified, and may be `null`.
      `values` - the values to be removed.
    Returns:
      A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
    Since:
      3.0.1

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(boolean[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(byte[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(char[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(double[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(float[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(int[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(long[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(Object[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(Object[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Under value (<0) is promoted to 0, over value (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Under value (< start index) results in no change. Over value (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(short[] array)
    Reverses the order of the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.

  - ### reverse

    public static void reverse(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

    This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Since:
      3.2

  - ### setAll

    public static <T> T[] setAll(T[] array, IntFunction<? extends T> generator)
    Sets all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator supplier to compute each element.

    If the generator supplier throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - type of elements of the array, may be `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - array to be initialized, may be `null`.
      `generator` - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position.
    Returns:
      the input array
    Since:
      3.13.0

  - ### setAll

    public static <T> T[] setAll(T[] array, Supplier<? extends T> generator)
    Sets all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator supplier to compute each element.

    If the generator supplier throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - type of elements of the array, may be `null`.
    Parameters:
      `array` - array to be initialized, may be `null`.
      `generator` - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position.
    Returns:
      the input array
    Since:
      3.13.0

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(boolean[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given boolean array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given boolean array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(byte[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given byte array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given byte array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(char[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given char array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given char array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(double[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given double array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given double array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(float[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given float array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given float array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(int[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given int array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given int array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(long[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given long array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given long array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(Object[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(Object[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(short[] array, int offset)
    Shifts the order of the given short array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shift

    public static void shift(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)
    Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given short array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`.
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(boolean[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(boolean[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(byte[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(byte[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(char[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(char[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(double[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(double[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(float[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(float[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(int[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(int[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(long[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(long[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(Object[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(Object[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(short[] array)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

    This method uses the current `ThreadLocalRandom` as its random number generator.

    Instances of `ThreadLocalRandom` are not cryptographically secure. For security-sensitive applications, consider using a `shuffle` method with a `SecureRandom` argument.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle.
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### shuffle

    public static void shuffle(short[] array, Random random)
    Shuffles randomly the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to shuffle
      `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
    Since:
      3.6
    See Also:
      - Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

  - ### startsWith

    public static boolean startsWith(byte[] data, byte[] expected)
    Tests whether the given data array starts with an expected array, for example, signature bytes.

    If both arrays are null, the method returns true. The method return false when one array is null and the other not.

    Parameters:
      `data` - The data to search, maybe larger than the expected data.
      `expected` - The expected data to find.
    Returns:
      whether a match was found.
    Since:
      3.18.0

  - ### subarray

    public static boolean[] subarray(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `boolean` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(boolean[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static byte[] subarray(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `byte` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(byte[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static char[] subarray(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `char` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(char[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static double[] subarray(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `double` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(double[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static float[] subarray(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `float` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(float[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static int[] subarray(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `int` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(int[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static long[] subarray(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `long` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(long[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static short[] subarray(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new `short` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(short[], int, int)`

  - ### subarray

    public static <T> T[] subarray(T[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)
    Produces a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

    The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

    The component type of the subarray is always the same as that of the input array. Thus, if the input is an array of type `Date`, the following usage is envisaged:

         Date[] someDates = (Date[]) ArrayUtils.subarray(allDates, 2, 5);

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the component type of the array
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array
      `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
      `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
    Returns:
      a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    Since:
      2.1
    See Also:
      - `Arrays.copyOfRange(Object[], int, int)`

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(boolean[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given boolean array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(boolean[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given boolean array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 2, 1) -> [true, false, true, false]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 0, 1) -> [true, false, true, false]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 2, 2) -> [true, false, true, false]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], -3, 2, 2) -> [true, false, true, false]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 3, 3) -> [false, false, true, true]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(byte[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given byte array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(byte[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given byte array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(char[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given char array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(char[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given char array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(double[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given double array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(double[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given double array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(float[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given float array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(float[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given float array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`.
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(int[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given int array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(int[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given int array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(long[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given long array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 0, 2) -> [true, false, true]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 0, 0) -> [true, false, true]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 1, 0) -> [false, true, true]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 0, 5) -> [true, false, true]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], -1, 1) -> [false, true, true]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(long[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given long array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(Object[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 0, 2) -> ["3", "2", "1"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 0, 0) -> ["1", "2", "3"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 1, 0) -> ["2", "1", "3"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 0, 5) -> ["1", "2", "3"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], -1, 1) -> ["2", "1", "3"]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(Object[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 0, 2, 1) -> ["3", "2", "1", "4"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 0, 0, 1) -> ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 2, 0, 2) -> ["3", "4", "1", "2"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], -3, 2, 2) -> ["3", "4", "1", "2"]
    - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 0, 3, 3) -> ["4", "2", "3", "1"]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(short[] array, int offset1, int offset2)
    Swaps two elements in the given short array.

    There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### swap

    public static void swap(short[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)
    Swaps a series of elements in the given short array.

    This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

    Examples:
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
    - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
      `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
      `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
      `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### toArray

    public static <T> T[] toArray(T... items)
    Create a type-safe generic array.

    The Java language does not allow an array to be created from a generic type:

            public static <T> T[] createAnArray(int size) {
                return new T[size]; // compiler error here
            }
            public static <T> T[] createAnArray(int size) {
                return (T[]) new Object[size]; // ClassCastException at runtime
            }

    Therefore new arrays of generic types can be created with this method. For example, an array of Strings can be created:

         String[] array = ArrayUtils.toArray("1", "2");
         String[] emptyArray = ArrayUtils.<String>toArray();

    The method is typically used in scenarios, where the caller itself uses generic types that have to be combined into an array.

    Note, this method makes only sense to provide arguments of the same type so that the compiler can deduce the type of the array itself. While it is possible to select the type explicitly like in `Number[] array = ArrayUtils.<Number>toArray(Integer.valueOf(42), Double.valueOf(Math.PI))`, there is no real advantage when compared to `new Number[] {Integer.valueOf(42), Double.valueOf(Math.PI)}`.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array's element type
    Parameters:
      `items` - the varargs array items, null allowed
    Returns:
      the array, not null unless a null array is passed in
    Since:
      3.0

  - ### toMap

    public static Map<Object,Object> toMap(Object[] array)
    Converts the given array into a `Map`. Each element of the array must be either a `Map.Entry` or an Array, containing at least two elements, where the first element is used as key and the second as value.

    This method can be used to initialize:

         // Create a Map mapping colors.
         Map colorMap = ArrayUtils.toMap(new String[][] {
             {"RED", "#FF0000"},
             {"GREEN", "#00FF00"},
             {"BLUE", "#0000FF"}});

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - an array whose elements are either a `Map.Entry` or an Array containing at least two elements, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `Map` that was created from the array
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if one element of this Array is itself an Array containing less than two elements
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the array contains elements other than `Map.Entry` and an Array

  - ### toObject

    public static Boolean[] toObject(boolean[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive booleans to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `boolean` array
    Returns:
      a `Boolean` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Byte[] toObject(byte[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive bytes to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `byte` array
    Returns:
      a `Byte` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Character[] toObject(char[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive chars to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `char` array
    Returns:
      a `Character` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Double[] toObject(double[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive doubles to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `double` array
    Returns:
      a `Double` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Float[] toObject(float[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive floats to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `float` array
    Returns:
      a `Float` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Integer[] toObject(int[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive ints to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - an `int` array
    Returns:
      an `Integer` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Long[] toObject(long[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive longs to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `long` array
    Returns:
      a `Long` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toObject

    public static Short[] toObject(short[] array)
    Converts an array of primitive shorts to objects.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `short` array
    Returns:
      a `Short` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array)
    Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Null array elements map to false, like `Boolean.parseBoolean(null)` and its callers return false.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Boolean` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `boolean` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array, boolean valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Boolean` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `boolean` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array)
    Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Byte` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `byte` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array, byte valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Byte` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `byte` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array)
    Converts an array of object Characters to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Character` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `char` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array, char valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Character to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Character` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `char` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array)
    Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Double` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `double` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array, double valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Double` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `double` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array)
    Converts an array of object Floats to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Float` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `float` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array, float valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Floats to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Float` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `float` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array)
    Converts an array of object Integers to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Integer` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      an `int` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array, int valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Integer to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Integer` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      an `int` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array)
    Converts an array of object Longs to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Long` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `long` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array, long valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Long to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Long` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `long` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static Object toPrimitive(Object array)
    Create an array of primitive type from an array of wrapper types.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - an array of wrapper object
    Returns:
      an array of the corresponding primitive type, or the original array
    Since:
      3.5

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array)
    Converts an array of object Shorts to primitives.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Short` array, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a `byte` array, `null` if null array input
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if an array element is `null`

  - ### toPrimitive

    public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array, short valueForNull)
    Converts an array of object Short to primitives handling `null`.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - a `Short` array, may be `null`
      `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
    Returns:
      a `byte` array, `null` if null array input

  - ### toString

    public static String toString(Object array)
    Outputs an array as a String, treating `null` as an empty array.

    Multi-dimensional arrays are handled correctly, including multi-dimensional primitive arrays.

    The format is that of Java source code, for example `{a,b}`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to get a toString for, may be `null`
    Returns:
      a String representation of the array, '{}' if null array input

  - ### toString

    public static String toString(Object array, String stringIfNull)
    Outputs an array as a String handling `null`s.

    Multi-dimensional arrays are handled correctly, including multi-dimensional primitive arrays.

    The format is that of Java source code, for example `{a,b}`.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to get a toString for, may be `null`
      `stringIfNull` - the String to return if the array is `null`
    Returns:
      a String representation of the array

  - ### toStringArray

    public static String[] toStringArray(Object[] array)
    Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the `Object[]` to be processed, may be `null`.
    Returns:
      `String[]` of the same size as the source with its element's string representation, `null` if null array input
    Since:
      3.6

  - ### toStringArray

    public static String[] toStringArray(Object[] array, String valueForNullElements)
    Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array handling `null` elements.

    This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

    Parameters:
      `array` - the Object[] to be processed, may be `null`.
      `valueForNullElements` - the value to insert if `null` is found
    Returns:
      a `String` array, `null` if null array input
    Since:
      3.6