Package org.apache.commons.lang3

# Class Validate

java.lang.Object
org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate

public class Validate extends Object
This class assists in validating arguments. The validation methods are based along the following principles:

- An invalid `null` argument causes a `NullPointerException`.
- A non-`null` argument causes an `IllegalArgumentException`.
- An invalid index into an array/collection/map/string causes an `IndexOutOfBoundsException`.

All exceptions messages are format strings as defined by the Java platform. For example:

     Validate.isTrue(i > 0, "The value must be greater than zero: %d", i);
     Validate.notNull(surname, "The surname must not be %s", null);

#ThreadSafe#

Since:
  2.0
See Also:
  - `String.format(String, Object...)`

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `Validate()`
  Constructs a new instance.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `static void`
  `exclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `exclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value, String message)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `exclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `exclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value, String message)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T> void`
  `exclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value)`
  Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.
  `static <T> void`
  `exclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `finite(double value)`
  Validates that the specified argument is not infinite or Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static void`
  `finite(double value, String message, Object... values)`
  Validates that the specified argument is not infinite or Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `inclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `inclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value, String message)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `inclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `inclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value, String message)`
  Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T> void`
  `inclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value)`
  Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.
  `static <T> void`
  `inclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `isAssignableFrom(Class<?> superType, Class<?> type)`
  Validates that the argument can be converted to the specified class, if not, throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `isAssignableFrom(Class<?> superType, Class<?> type, String message, Object... values)`
  Validates that the argument can be converted to the specified class, if not throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `isInstanceOf(Class<?> type, Object obj)`
  Validates that the argument is an instance of the specified class, if not throws an exception.
  `static void`
  `isInstanceOf(Class<?> type, Object obj, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the argument is an instance of the specified class; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `isTrue(boolean expression)`
  Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static void`
  `isTrue(boolean expression, String message, double value)`
  Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `isTrue(boolean expression, String message, long value)`
  Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `isTrue(boolean expression, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `matchesPattern(CharSequence input, String pattern)`
  Validate that the specified argument character sequence matches the specified regular expression pattern; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static void`
  `matchesPattern(CharSequence input, String pattern, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument character sequence matches the specified regular expression pattern; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T extends Iterable<?>>
  T`
  `noNullElements(T iterable)`
  Validate that the specified argument iterable is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `noNullElements(T[] array)`
  Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `noNullElements(T[] array, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T extends Iterable<?>>
  T`
  `noNullElements(T iterable, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument iterable is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T extends CharSequence>
  T`
  `notBlank(T chars)`
  Validate that the specified argument character sequence is neither `null`, a length of zero (no characters), empty nor whitespace; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T extends CharSequence>
  T`
  `notBlank(T chars, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument character sequence is neither `null`, a length of zero (no characters), empty nor whitespace; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T extends Collection<?>>
  T`
  `notEmpty(T collection)`
  Validate that the specified argument collection is neither `null` nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `notEmpty(T[] array)`
  Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor a length of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `notEmpty(T[] array, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor a length of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T extends Collection<?>>
  T`
  `notEmpty(T collection, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument collection is neither `null` nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `notNaN(double value)`
  Validates that the specified argument is not Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static void`
  `notNaN(double value, String message, Object... values)`
  Validates that the specified argument is not Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T> T`
  `notNull(T object)`
  Deprecated.
  Use `Objects.requireNonNull(Object)`.
  `static <T> T`
  `notNull(T object, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the specified argument is not `null`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `validIndex(T[] array, int index)`
  Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument array; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T> T[]`
  `validIndex(T[] array, int index, String message, Object... values)`
  Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument array; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static <T extends Collection<?>>
  T`
  `validIndex(T collection, int index)`
  Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument collection; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static <T extends Collection<?>>
  T`
  `validIndex(T collection, int index, String message, Object... values)`
  Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument collection; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.
  `static void`
  `validState(boolean expression)`
  Validate that the stateful condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception.
  `static void`
  `validState(boolean expression, String message, Object... values)`
  Validate that the stateful condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

  ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### Validate

    public Validate()
    Constructs a new instance. This class should not normally be instantiated.

- ## Method Details

  - ### exclusiveBetween

    public static void exclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.

        Validate.exclusiveBetween(0.1, 2.1, 1.1);

    Parameters:
      `start` - the exclusive start value
      `end` - the exclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls out of the boundaries
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### exclusiveBetween

    public static void exclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value, String message)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.exclusiveBetween(0.1, 2.1, 1.1, "Not in range");

    Parameters:
      `start` - the exclusive start value
      `end` - the exclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
      `message` - the exception message if invalid, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### exclusiveBetween

    public static void exclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.

        Validate.exclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1);

    Parameters:
      `start` - the exclusive start value
      `end` - the exclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls out of the boundaries
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### exclusiveBetween

    public static void exclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value, String message)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.exclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1, "Not in range");

    Parameters:
      `start` - the exclusive start value
      `end` - the exclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
      `message` - the exception message if invalid, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### exclusiveBetween

    public static <T> void exclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value)
    Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.

        Validate.exclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1);

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of the argument object
    Parameters:
      `start` - the exclusive start value, not null
      `end` - the exclusive end value, not null
      `value` - the object to validate, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `exclusiveBetween(Object, Object, Comparable, String, Object...)`

  - ### exclusiveBetween

    public static <T> void exclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two exclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.exclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1, "Not in boundaries");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of the argument object
    Parameters:
      `start` - the exclusive start value, not null
      `end` - the exclusive end value, not null
      `value` - the object to validate, not null
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `exclusiveBetween(Object, Object, Comparable)`

  - ### finite

    public static void finite(double value)
    Validates that the specified argument is not infinite or Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.finite(myDouble);

    The message of the exception is "The value is invalid: %f".

    Parameters:
      `value` - the value to validate
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is infinite or Not-a-Number (NaN)
    Since:
      3.5
    See Also:
      - `finite(double, String, Object...)`

  - ### finite

    public static void finite(double value, String message, Object... values)
    Validates that the specified argument is not infinite or Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.finite(myDouble, "The argument must contain a numeric value");

    Parameters:
      `value` - the value to validate
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is infinite or Not-a-Number (NaN)
    Since:
      3.5
    See Also:
      - `finite(double)`

  - ### inclusiveBetween

    public static void inclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.

        Validate.inclusiveBetween(0.1, 2.1, 1.1);

    Parameters:
      `start` - the inclusive start value
      `end` - the inclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries (inclusive)
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### inclusiveBetween

    public static void inclusiveBetween(double start, double end, double value, String message)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.inclusiveBetween(0.1, 2.1, 1.1, "Not in range");

    Parameters:
      `start` - the inclusive start value
      `end` - the inclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
      `message` - the exception message if invalid, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### inclusiveBetween

    public static void inclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.

        Validate.inclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1);

    Parameters:
      `start` - the inclusive start value
      `end` - the inclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries (inclusive)
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### inclusiveBetween

    public static void inclusiveBetween(long start, long end, long value, String message)
    Validate that the specified primitive value falls between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.inclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1, "Not in range");

    Parameters:
      `start` - the inclusive start value
      `end` - the inclusive end value
      `value` - the value to validate
      `message` - the exception message if invalid, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.3

  - ### inclusiveBetween

    public static <T> void inclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value)
    Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception.

        Validate.inclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1);

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of the argument object
    Parameters:
      `start` - the inclusive start value, not null
      `end` - the inclusive end value, not null
      `value` - the object to validate, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `inclusiveBetween(Object, Object, Comparable, String, Object...)`

  - ### inclusiveBetween

    public static <T> void inclusiveBetween(T start, T end, Comparable<T> value, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument object fall between the two inclusive values specified; otherwise, throws an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.inclusiveBetween(0, 2, 1, "Not in boundaries");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of the argument object
    Parameters:
      `start` - the inclusive start value, not null
      `end` - the inclusive end value, not null
      `value` - the object to validate, not null
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value falls outside the boundaries
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `inclusiveBetween(Object, Object, Comparable)`

  - ### isAssignableFrom

    public static void isAssignableFrom(Class<?> superType, Class<?> type)
    Validates that the argument can be converted to the specified class, if not, throws an exception.

    This method is useful when validating that there will be no casting errors.

        Validate.isAssignableFrom(SuperClass.class, object.getClass());

    The message format of the exception is "Cannot assign {type} to {superType}"

    Parameters:
      `superType` - the class must be validated against, not null
      `type` - the class to check, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if type argument is not assignable to the specified superType
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `isAssignableFrom(Class, Class, String, Object...)`

  - ### isAssignableFrom

    public static void isAssignableFrom(Class<?> superType, Class<?> type, String message, Object... values)
    Validates that the argument can be converted to the specified class, if not throws an exception.

    This method is useful when validating if there will be no casting errors.

        Validate.isAssignableFrom(SuperClass.class, object.getClass());

    The message of the exception is "The validated object can not be converted to the" followed by the name of the class and "class"

    Parameters:
      `superType` - the class must be validated against, not null
      `type` - the class to check, not null
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if argument can not be converted to the specified class
    See Also:
      - `isAssignableFrom(Class, Class)`

  - ### isInstanceOf

    public static void isInstanceOf(Class<?> type, Object obj)
    Validates that the argument is an instance of the specified class, if not throws an exception.

    This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary class

        Validate.isInstanceOf(OkClass.class, object);

    The message of the exception is "Expected type: {type}, actual: {obj_type}"

    Parameters:
      `type` - the class the object must be validated against, not null
      `obj` - the object to check, null throws an exception
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if argument is not of specified class
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `isInstanceOf(Class, Object, String, Object...)`

  - ### isInstanceOf

    public static void isInstanceOf(Class<?> type, Object obj, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the argument is an instance of the specified class; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary class

        Validate.isInstanceOf(OkClass.class, object, "Wrong class, object is of class %s",
           object.getClass().getName());

    Parameters:
      `type` - the class the object must be validated against, not null
      `obj` - the object to check, null throws an exception
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if argument is not of specified class
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `isInstanceOf(Class, Object)`

  - ### isTrue

    public static void isTrue(boolean expression)
    Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.

         Validate.isTrue(i > 0);
         Validate.isTrue(myObject.isOk());

    The message of the exception is "The validated expression is false".

    Parameters:
      `expression` - the boolean expression to check
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if expression is `false`
    See Also:
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, long)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, double)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, Object...)`

  - ### isTrue

    public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, double value)
    Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.

        Validate.isTrue(d > 0.0, "The value must be greater than zero: %s", d);

    For performance reasons, the double value is passed as a separate parameter and appended to the exception message only in the case of an error.

    Parameters:
      `expression` - the boolean expression to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `value` - the value to append to the message when invalid
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if expression is `false`
    See Also:
      - `isTrue(boolean)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, long)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, Object...)`

  - ### isTrue

    public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, long value)
    Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.

        Validate.isTrue(i > 0.0, "The value must be greater than zero: %d", i);

    For performance reasons, the long value is passed as a separate parameter and appended to the exception message only in the case of an error.

    Parameters:
      `expression` - the boolean expression to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `value` - the value to append to the message when invalid
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if expression is `false`
    See Also:
      - `isTrue(boolean)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, double)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, Object...)`

  - ### isTrue

    public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the argument condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.

         Validate.isTrue(i >= min && i <= max, "The value must be between %d and %d", min, max);

    Parameters:
      `expression` - the boolean expression to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if expression is `false`
    See Also:
      - `isTrue(boolean)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, long)`
      - `isTrue(boolean, String, double)`

  - ### matchesPattern

    public static void matchesPattern(CharSequence input, String pattern)
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence matches the specified regular expression pattern; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.matchesPattern("hi", "[a-z]*");

    The syntax of the pattern is the one used in the `Pattern` class.

    Parameters:
      `input` - the character sequence to validate, not null
      `pattern` - the regular expression pattern, not null
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the character sequence does not match the pattern
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `matchesPattern(CharSequence, String, String, Object...)`

  - ### matchesPattern

    public static void matchesPattern(CharSequence input, String pattern, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence matches the specified regular expression pattern; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.matchesPattern("hi", "[a-z]*", "%s does not match %s", "hi" "[a-z]*");

    The syntax of the pattern is the one used in the `Pattern` class.

    Parameters:
      `input` - the character sequence to validate, not null
      `pattern` - the regular expression pattern, not null
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the character sequence does not match the pattern
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `matchesPattern(CharSequence, String)`

  - ### noNullElements

    public static <T extends Iterable<?>> T noNullElements(T iterable)
    Validate that the specified argument iterable is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.noNullElements(myCollection);

    If the iterable is `null`, then the message in the exception is "The validated object is null".

    If the array has a `null` element, then the message in the exception is "The validated iterable contains null element at index: " followed by the index.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the iterable type
    Parameters:
      `iterable` - the iterable to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated iterable (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if an element is `null`
    See Also:
      - `noNullElements(Iterable, String, Object...)`

  - ### noNullElements

    public static <T extends Iterable<?>> T noNullElements(T iterable, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument iterable is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.noNullElements(myCollection, "The collection contains null at position %d");

    If the iterable is `null`, then the message in the exception is "The validated object is null".

    If the iterable has a `null` element, then the iteration index of the invalid element is appended to the `values` argument.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the iterable type
    Parameters:
      `iterable` - the iterable to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated iterable (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if an element is `null`
    See Also:
      - `noNullElements(Iterable)`

  - ### noNullElements

    public static <T> T[] noNullElements(T[] array)
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.noNullElements(myArray);

    If the array is `null`, then the message in the exception is "The validated object is null".

    If the array has a `null` element, then the message in the exception is "The validated array contains null element at index: " followed by the index.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated array (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if an element is `null`
    See Also:
      - `noNullElements(Object[], String, Object...)`

  - ### noNullElements

    public static <T> T[] noNullElements(T[] array, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor contains any elements that are `null`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.noNullElements(myArray, "The array contain null at position %d");

    If the array is `null`, then the message in the exception is "The validated object is null".

    If the array has a `null` element, then the iteration index of the invalid element is appended to the `values` argument.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated array (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if an element is `null`
    See Also:
      - `noNullElements(Object[])`

  - ### notBlank

    public static <T extends CharSequence> T notBlank(T chars)

    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is neither `null`, a length of zero (no characters), empty nor whitespace; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.notBlank(myString);

    The message in the exception is "The validated character sequence is blank".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the character sequence type
    Parameters:
      `chars` - the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated character sequence (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the character sequence is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the character sequence is blank
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `notBlank(CharSequence, String, Object...)`

  - ### notBlank

    public static <T extends CharSequence> T notBlank(T chars, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is neither `null`, a length of zero (no characters), empty nor whitespace; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notBlank(myString, "The string must not be blank");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the character sequence type
    Parameters:
      `chars` - the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated character sequence (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the character sequence is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the character sequence is blank
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `notBlank(CharSequence)`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T extends Collection<?>> T notEmpty(T collection)

    Validate that the specified argument collection is neither `null` nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.notEmpty(myCollection);

    The message in the exception is "The validated collection is empty".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the collection type
    Parameters:
      `collection` - the collection to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated collection (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the collection is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the collection is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(Collection, String, Object...)`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T extends Map<?, ?>> T notEmpty(T map)

    Validate that the specified argument map is neither `null` nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.notEmpty(myMap);

    The message in the exception is "The validated map is empty".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the map type
    Parameters:
      `map` - the map to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated map (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the map is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the map is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(Map, String, Object...)`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T extends CharSequence> T notEmpty(T chars)

    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is neither `null` nor a length of zero (no characters); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notEmpty(myString);

    The message in the exception is "The validated character sequence is empty".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the character sequence type
    Parameters:
      `chars` - the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated character sequence (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the character sequence is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the character sequence is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(CharSequence, String, Object...)`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T extends Collection<?>> T notEmpty(T collection, String message, Object... values)

    Validate that the specified argument collection is neither `null` nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notEmpty(myCollection, "The collection must not be empty");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the collection type
    Parameters:
      `collection` - the collection to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated collection (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the collection is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the collection is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(Object[])`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T extends Map<?, ?>> T notEmpty(T map, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument map is neither `null` nor a size of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notEmpty(myMap, "The map must not be empty");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the map type
    Parameters:
      `map` - the map to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated map (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the map is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the map is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(Object[])`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T extends CharSequence> T notEmpty(T chars, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument character sequence is neither `null` nor a length of zero (no characters); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notEmpty(myString, "The string must not be empty");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the character sequence type
    Parameters:
      `chars` - the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated character sequence (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the character sequence is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the character sequence is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(CharSequence)`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T> T[] notEmpty(T[] array)

    Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor a length of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.notEmpty(myArray);

    The message in the exception is "The validated array is empty".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check, validated not null by this method
    Returns:
      the validated array (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the array is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(Object[], String, Object...)`

  - ### notEmpty

    public static <T> T[] notEmpty(T[] array, String message, Object... values)

    Validate that the specified argument array is neither `null` nor a length of zero (no elements); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notEmpty(myArray, "The array must not be empty");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check, validated not null by this method
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated array (never `null` method for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the array is empty
    See Also:
      - `notEmpty(Object[])`

  - ### notNaN

    public static void notNaN(double value)
    Validates that the specified argument is not Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.notNaN(myDouble);

    The message of the exception is "The validated value is not a number".

    Parameters:
      `value` - the value to validate
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is not a number
    Since:
      3.5
    See Also:
      - `notNaN(double, String, Object...)`

  - ### notNaN

    public static void notNaN(double value, String message, Object... values)
    Validates that the specified argument is not Not-a-Number (NaN); otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notNaN(myDouble, "The value must be a number");

    Parameters:
      `value` - the value to validate
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is not a number
    Since:
      3.5
    See Also:
      - `notNaN(double)`

  - ### notNull

    @Deprecated public static <T> T notNull(T object)
    Deprecated.
    Use `Objects.requireNonNull(Object)`.
    Validate that the specified argument is not `null`; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.notNull(myObject, "The object must not be null");

    The message of the exception is "The validated object is null".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the object type
    Parameters:
      `object` - the object to check
    Returns:
      the validated object (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the object is `null`
    See Also:
      - `notNull(Object, String, Object...)`

  - ### notNull

    public static <T> T notNull(T object, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the specified argument is not `null`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.notNull(myObject, "The object must not be null");

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the object type
    Parameters:
      `object` - the object to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message
    Returns:
      the validated object (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the object is `null`
    See Also:
      - `Objects.requireNonNull(Object)`

  - ### validIndex

    public static <T extends Collection<?>> T validIndex(T collection, int index)
    Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument collection; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.validIndex(myCollection, 2);

    If the index is invalid, then the message of the exception is "The validated collection index is invalid: " followed by the index.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the collection type
    Parameters:
      `collection` - the collection to check, validated not null by this method
      `index` - the index to check
    Returns:
      the validated collection (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the collection is `null`
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is invalid
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validIndex(Collection, int, String, Object...)`

  - ### validIndex

    public static <T extends CharSequence> T validIndex(T chars, int index)
    Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument character sequence; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.validIndex(myStr, 2);

    If the character sequence is `null`, then the message of the exception is "The validated object is null".

    If the index is invalid, then the message of the exception is "The validated character sequence index is invalid: " followed by the index.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the character sequence type
    Parameters:
      `chars` - the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      `index` - the index to check
    Returns:
      the validated character sequence (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the character sequence is `null`
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is invalid
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validIndex(CharSequence, int, String, Object...)`

  - ### validIndex

    public static <T extends Collection<?>> T validIndex(T collection, int index, String message, Object... values)
    Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument collection; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.validIndex(myCollection, 2, "The collection index is invalid: ");

    If the collection is `null`, then the message of the exception is "The validated object is null".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the collection type
    Parameters:
      `collection` - the collection to check, validated not null by this method
      `index` - the index to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated collection (never `null` for chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the collection is `null`
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is invalid
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validIndex(Collection, int)`

  - ### validIndex

    public static <T extends CharSequence> T validIndex(T chars, int index, String message, Object... values)
    Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument character sequence; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.validIndex(myStr, 2, "The string index is invalid: ");

    If the character sequence is `null`, then the message of the exception is "The validated object is null".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the character sequence type
    Parameters:
      `chars` - the character sequence to check, validated not null by this method
      `index` - the index to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated character sequence (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the character sequence is `null`
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is invalid
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validIndex(CharSequence, int)`

  - ### validIndex

    public static <T> T[] validIndex(T[] array, int index)
    Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument array; otherwise throwing an exception.

        Validate.validIndex(myArray, 2);

    If the array is `null`, then the message of the exception is "The validated object is null".

    If the index is invalid, then the message of the exception is "The validated array index is invalid: " followed by the index.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check, validated not null by this method
      `index` - the index to check
    Returns:
      the validated array (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is invalid
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validIndex(Object[], int, String, Object...)`

  - ### validIndex

    public static <T> T[] validIndex(T[] array, int index, String message, Object... values)
    Validates that the index is within the bounds of the argument array; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message.

        Validate.validIndex(myArray, 2, "The array index is invalid: ");

    If the array is `null`, then the message of the exception is "The validated object is null".

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the array type
    Parameters:
      `array` - the array to check, validated not null by this method
      `index` - the index to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Returns:
      the validated array (never `null` for method chaining)
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if the array is `null`
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is invalid
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validIndex(Object[], int)`

  - ### validState

    public static void validState(boolean expression)
    Validate that the stateful condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.

         Validate.validState(field > 0);
         Validate.validState(this.isOk());

    The message of the exception is "The validated state is false".

    Parameters:
      `expression` - the boolean expression to check
    Throws:
      `IllegalStateException` - if expression is `false`
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validState(boolean, String, Object...)`

  - ### validState

    public static void validState(boolean expression, String message, Object... values)
    Validate that the stateful condition is `true`; otherwise throwing an exception with the specified message. This method is useful when validating according to an arbitrary boolean expression, such as validating a primitive number or using your own custom validation expression.

        Validate.validState(this.isOk(), "The state is not OK: %s", myObject);

    Parameters:
      `expression` - the boolean expression to check
      `message` - the `String.format(String, Object...)` exception message if invalid, not null
      `values` - the optional values for the formatted exception message, null array not recommended
    Throws:
      `IllegalStateException` - if expression is `false`
    Since:
      3.0
    See Also:
      - `validState(boolean)`