org.apache.commons.lang3

## Class ArrayUtils

- java.lang.Object
- - org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils

-     public class ArrayUtils
      extends Object

  Operations on arrays, primitive arrays (like `int[]`) and primitive wrapper arrays (like `Integer[]`).

  This class tries to handle `null` input gracefully. An exception will not be thrown for a `null` array input. However, an Object array that contains a `null` element may throw an exception. Each method documents its behavior.

  #ThreadSafe#

  Since:
    2.0

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `static boolean[]` | `EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY` An empty immutable `boolean` array.
    `static Boolean[]` | `EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Boolean` array.
    `static byte[]` | `EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY` An empty immutable `byte` array.
    `static Byte[]` | `EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Byte` array.
    `static char[]` | `EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY` An empty immutable `char` array.
    `static Character[]` | `EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Character` array.
    `static Class<?>[]` | `EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Class` array.
    `static double[]` | `EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY` An empty immutable `double` array.
    `static Double[]` | `EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Double` array.
    `static Field[]` | `EMPTY_FIELD_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Field` array.
    `static float[]` | `EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `float` array.
    `static Float[]` | `EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Float` array.
    `static int[]` | `EMPTY_INT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `int` array.
    `static Integer[]` | `EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Integer` array.
    `static long[]` | `EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY` An empty immutable `long` array.
    `static Long[]` | `EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Long` array.
    `static Method[]` | `EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Method` array.
    `static Object[]` | `EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Object` array.
    `static short[]` | `EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `short` array.
    `static Short[]` | `EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Short` array.
    `static String[]` | `EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY` An empty immutable `String` array.
    `static Throwable[]` | `EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Throwable` array.
    `static Type[]` | `EMPTY_TYPE_ARRAY` An empty immutable `Type` array.
    `static int` | `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` The index value when an element is not found in a list or array: `-1`.

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `ArrayUtils()` ArrayUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `static boolean[]` | `add(boolean[] array, boolean element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static boolean[]` | `add(boolean[] array, int index, boolean element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, boolean[], boolean...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static byte[]` | `add(byte[] array, byte element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static byte[]` | `add(byte[] array, int index, byte element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, byte[], byte...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static char[]` | `add(char[] array, char element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static char[]` | `add(char[] array, int index, char element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, char[], char...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static double[]` | `add(double[] array, double element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static double[]` | `add(double[] array, int index, double element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, double[], double...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static float[]` | `add(float[] array, float element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static float[]` | `add(float[] array, int index, float element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, float[], float...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static int[]` | `add(int[] array, int element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static int[]` | `add(int[] array, int index, int element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, int[], int...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static long[]` | `add(long[] array, int index, long element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, long[], long...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static long[]` | `add(long[] array, long element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static short[]` | `add(short[] array, int index, short element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, short[], short...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static short[]` | `add(short[] array, short element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `add(T[] array, int index, T element)` Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, T[], T...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.
    `static <T> T[]` | `add(T[] array, T element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.
    `static boolean[]` | `addAll(boolean[] array1, boolean... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static byte[]` | `addAll(byte[] array1, byte... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static char[]` | `addAll(char[] array1, char... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static double[]` | `addAll(double[] array1, double... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static float[]` | `addAll(float[] array1, float... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static int[]` | `addAll(int[] array1, int... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static long[]` | `addAll(long[] array1, long... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static short[]` | `addAll(short[] array1, short... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `addAll(T[] array1, T... array2)` Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.
    `static boolean[]` | `addFirst(boolean[] array, boolean element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static byte[]` | `addFirst(byte[] array, byte element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static char[]` | `addFirst(char[] array, char element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static double[]` | `addFirst(double[] array, double element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static float[]` | `addFirst(float[] array, float element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static int[]` | `addFirst(int[] array, int element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static long[]` | `addFirst(long[] array, long element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static short[]` | `addFirst(short[] array, short element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `addFirst(T[] array, T element)` Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.
    `static boolean[]` | `clone(boolean[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static byte[]` | `clone(byte[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static char[]` | `clone(char[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static double[]` | `clone(double[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static float[]` | `clone(float[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static int[]` | `clone(int[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static long[]` | `clone(long[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static short[]` | `clone(short[] array)` Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static <T> T[]` | `clone(T[] array)` Shallow clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.
    `static boolean` | `contains(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(char[] array, char valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(double[] array, double valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)` Checks if a value falling within the given tolerance is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(float[] array, float valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(int[] array, int valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(long[] array, long valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)` Checks if the object is in the given array.
    `static boolean` | `contains(short[] array, short valueToFind)` Checks if the value is in the given array.
    `static <T> T` | `get(T[] array, int index)` Gets the nTh element of an array or null if the index is out of bounds or the array is null.
    `static <T> T` | `get(T[] array, int index, T defaultValue)` Gets the nTh element of an array or a default value if the index is out of bounds.
    `static int` | `getLength(Object array)` Returns the length of the specified array.
    `static int` | `hashCode(Object array)` Get a hash code for an array handling multi-dimensional arrays correctly.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)` Finds the indices of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)` Finds the indices of the given object in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given object in the array starting at the given index.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array.
    `static BitSet` | `indexesOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)` Finds the index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)` Finds the index of the given object in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)` Finds the index of the given value in the array.
    `static int` | `indexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static boolean[]` | `insert(int index, boolean[] array, boolean... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static byte[]` | `insert(int index, byte[] array, byte... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static char[]` | `insert(int index, char[] array, char... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static double[]` | `insert(int index, double[] array, double... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static float[]` | `insert(int index, float[] array, float... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static int[]` | `insert(int index, int[] array, int... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static long[]` | `insert(int index, long[] array, long... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static short[]` | `insert(int index, short[] array, short... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static <T> T[]` | `insert(int index, T[] array, T... values)` Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).
    `static <T> boolean` | `isArrayIndexValid(T[] array, int index)` Returns whether a given array can safely be accessed at the given index.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(boolean[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive booleans is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(byte[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive bytes is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(char[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive chars is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(double[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive doubles is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(float[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive floats is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(int[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive ints is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(long[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive longs is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(Object[] array)` Checks if an array of Objects is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEmpty(short[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive shorts is empty or `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isEquals(Object array1, Object array2)` Deprecated. this method has been replaced by `java.util.Objects.deepEquals(Object, Object)` and will be removed from future releases.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(boolean[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive booleans is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(byte[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive bytes is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(char[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive chars is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(double[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive doubles is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(float[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive floats is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(int[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive ints is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(long[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive longs is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isNotEmpty(short[] array)` Checks if an array of primitive shorts is not empty and not `null`.
    `static <T> boolean` | `isNotEmpty(T[] array)` Checks if an array of Objects is not empty and not `null`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(boolean[] array1, boolean[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(byte[] array1, byte[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(char[] array1, char[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(double[] array1, double[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(float[] array1, float[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(int[] array1, int[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(long[] array1, long[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(Object[] array1, Object[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(Object array1, Object array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameLength(short[] array1, short[] array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.
    `static boolean` | `isSameType(Object array1, Object array2)` Checks whether two arrays are the same type taking into account multi-dimensional arrays.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(boolean[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering (`false` before `true`).
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(byte[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(char[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(double[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(float[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(int[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(long[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static boolean` | `isSorted(short[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.
    `static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> boolean` | `isSorted(T[] array)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to the class's `compareTo` method.
    `static <T> boolean` | `isSorted(T[] array, Comparator<T> comparator)` This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to the provided `Comparator`.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(boolean[] array, boolean valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(byte[] array, byte valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(char[] array, char valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, double tolerance)` Finds the last index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(double[] array, double valueToFind, int startIndex, double tolerance)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(float[] array, float valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(int[] array, int valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(long[] array, long valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind)` Finds the last index of the given object within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(Object[] array, Object objectToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind)` Finds the last index of the given value within the array.
    `static int` | `lastIndexOf(short[] array, short valueToFind, int startIndex)` Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.
    `static boolean[]` | `nullToEmpty(boolean[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Boolean[]` | `nullToEmpty(Boolean[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static byte[]` | `nullToEmpty(byte[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Byte[]` | `nullToEmpty(Byte[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static char[]` | `nullToEmpty(char[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Character[]` | `nullToEmpty(Character[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Class<?>[]` | `nullToEmpty(Class<?>[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static double[]` | `nullToEmpty(double[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Double[]` | `nullToEmpty(Double[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static float[]` | `nullToEmpty(float[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Float[]` | `nullToEmpty(Float[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static int[]` | `nullToEmpty(int[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Integer[]` | `nullToEmpty(Integer[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static long[]` | `nullToEmpty(long[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Long[]` | `nullToEmpty(Long[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Object[]` | `nullToEmpty(Object[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static short[]` | `nullToEmpty(short[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static Short[]` | `nullToEmpty(Short[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static String[]` | `nullToEmpty(String[] array)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static <T> T[]` | `nullToEmpty(T[] array, Class<T[]> type)` Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.
    `static boolean[]` | `remove(boolean[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static byte[]` | `remove(byte[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static char[]` | `remove(char[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static double[]` | `remove(double[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static float[]` | `remove(float[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static int[]` | `remove(int[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static long[]` | `remove(long[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static short[]` | `remove(short[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `remove(T[] array, int index)` Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array.
    `static boolean[]` | `removeAll(boolean[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static byte[]` | `removeAll(byte[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static char[]` | `removeAll(char[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static double[]` | `removeAll(double[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static float[]` | `removeAll(float[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static int[]` | `removeAll(int[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static long[]` | `removeAll(long[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static short[]` | `removeAll(short[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `removeAll(T[] array, int... indices)` Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array.
    `static boolean[]` | `removeAllOccurences(boolean[] array, boolean element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(boolean[], boolean)`
    `static byte[]` | `removeAllOccurences(byte[] array, byte element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(byte[], byte)`
    `static char[]` | `removeAllOccurences(char[] array, char element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(char[], char)`
    `static double[]` | `removeAllOccurences(double[] array, double element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(double[], double)`
    `static float[]` | `removeAllOccurences(float[] array, float element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(float[], float)`
    `static int[]` | `removeAllOccurences(int[] array, int element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(int[], int)`
    `static long[]` | `removeAllOccurences(long[] array, long element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(long[], long)`
    `static short[]` | `removeAllOccurences(short[] array, short element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(short[], short)`
    `static <T> T[]` | `removeAllOccurences(T[] array, T element)` Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(Object[], Object)`
    `static boolean[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(boolean[] array, boolean element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified boolean array.
    `static byte[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(byte[] array, byte element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified byte array.
    `static char[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(char[] array, char element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified char array.
    `static double[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(double[] array, double element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified double array.
    `static float[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(float[] array, float element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified float array.
    `static int[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(int[] array, int element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified int array.
    `static long[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(long[] array, long element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified long array.
    `static short[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(short[] array, short element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified short array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `removeAllOccurrences(T[] array, T element)` Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static boolean[]` | `removeElement(boolean[] array, boolean element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static byte[]` | `removeElement(byte[] array, byte element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static char[]` | `removeElement(char[] array, char element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static double[]` | `removeElement(double[] array, double element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static float[]` | `removeElement(float[] array, float element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static int[]` | `removeElement(int[] array, int element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static long[]` | `removeElement(long[] array, long element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static short[]` | `removeElement(short[] array, short element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `removeElement(T[] array, Object element)` Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array.
    `static boolean[]` | `removeElements(boolean[] array, boolean... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static byte[]` | `removeElements(byte[] array, byte... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static char[]` | `removeElements(char[] array, char... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static double[]` | `removeElements(double[] array, double... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static float[]` | `removeElements(float[] array, float... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static int[]` | `removeElements(int[] array, int... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static long[]` | `removeElements(long[] array, long... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static short[]` | `removeElements(short[] array, short... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `removeElements(T[] array, T... values)` Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array.
    `static void` | `reverse(boolean[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(byte[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(char[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(double[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(float[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(int[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(long[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(Object[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(Object[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `reverse(short[] array)` Reverses the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `reverse(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.
    `static void` | `shift(boolean[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given boolean array.
    `static void` | `shift(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given boolean array.
    `static void` | `shift(byte[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given byte array.
    `static void` | `shift(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given byte array.
    `static void` | `shift(char[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given char array.
    `static void` | `shift(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given char array.
    `static void` | `shift(double[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given double array.
    `static void` | `shift(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given double array.
    `static void` | `shift(float[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given float array.
    `static void` | `shift(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given float array.
    `static void` | `shift(int[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given int array.
    `static void` | `shift(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given int array.
    `static void` | `shift(long[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given long array.
    `static void` | `shift(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given long array.
    `static void` | `shift(Object[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given array.
    `static void` | `shift(Object[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given array.
    `static void` | `shift(short[] array, int offset)` Shifts the order of the given short array.
    `static void` | `shift(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive, int offset)` Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given short array.
    `static void` | `shuffle(boolean[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(boolean[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(byte[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(byte[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(char[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(char[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(double[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(double[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(float[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(float[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(int[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(int[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(long[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(long[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(Object[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(Object[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(short[] array)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static void` | `shuffle(short[] array, Random random)` Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
    `static boolean[]` | `subarray(boolean[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `boolean` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static byte[]` | `subarray(byte[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `byte` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static char[]` | `subarray(char[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `char` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static double[]` | `subarray(double[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `double` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static float[]` | `subarray(float[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `float` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static int[]` | `subarray(int[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `int` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static long[]` | `subarray(long[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `long` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static short[]` | `subarray(short[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new `short` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static <T> T[]` | `subarray(T[] array, int startIndexInclusive, int endIndexExclusive)` Produces a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
    `static void` | `swap(boolean[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given boolean array.
    `static void` | `swap(boolean[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given boolean array.
    `static void` | `swap(byte[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given byte array.
    `static void` | `swap(byte[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given byte array.
    `static void` | `swap(char[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given char array.
    `static void` | `swap(char[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given char array.
    `static void` | `swap(double[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given double array.
    `static void` | `swap(double[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given double array.
    `static void` | `swap(float[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given float array.
    `static void` | `swap(float[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given float array.
    `static void` | `swap(int[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given int array.
    `static void` | `swap(int[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given int array.
    `static void` | `swap(long[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given long array.
    `static void` | `swap(long[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given long array.
    `static void` | `swap(Object[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given array.
    `static void` | `swap(Object[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given array.
    `static void` | `swap(short[] array, int offset1, int offset2)` Swaps two elements in the given short array.
    `static void` | `swap(short[] array, int offset1, int offset2, int len)` Swaps a series of elements in the given short array.
    `static <T> T[]` | `toArray(T... items)` Create a type-safe generic array.
    `static Map<Object,Object>` | `toMap(Object[] array)` Converts the given array into a `Map`.
    `static Boolean[]` | `toObject(boolean[] array)` Converts an array of primitive booleans to objects.
    `static Byte[]` | `toObject(byte[] array)` Converts an array of primitive bytes to objects.
    `static Character[]` | `toObject(char[] array)` Converts an array of primitive chars to objects.
    `static Double[]` | `toObject(double[] array)` Converts an array of primitive doubles to objects.
    `static Float[]` | `toObject(float[] array)` Converts an array of primitive floats to objects.
    `static Integer[]` | `toObject(int[] array)` Converts an array of primitive ints to objects.
    `static Long[]` | `toObject(long[] array)` Converts an array of primitive longs to objects.
    `static Short[]` | `toObject(short[] array)` Converts an array of primitive shorts to objects.
    `static boolean[]` | `toPrimitive(Boolean[] array)` Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives.
    `static boolean[]` | `toPrimitive(Boolean[] array, boolean valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives handling `null`.
    `static byte[]` | `toPrimitive(Byte[] array)` Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives.
    `static byte[]` | `toPrimitive(Byte[] array, byte valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives handling `null`.
    `static char[]` | `toPrimitive(Character[] array)` Converts an array of object Characters to primitives.
    `static char[]` | `toPrimitive(Character[] array, char valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Character to primitives handling `null`.
    `static double[]` | `toPrimitive(Double[] array)` Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives.
    `static double[]` | `toPrimitive(Double[] array, double valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives handling `null`.
    `static float[]` | `toPrimitive(Float[] array)` Converts an array of object Floats to primitives.
    `static float[]` | `toPrimitive(Float[] array, float valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Floats to primitives handling `null`.
    `static int[]` | `toPrimitive(Integer[] array)` Converts an array of object Integers to primitives.
    `static int[]` | `toPrimitive(Integer[] array, int valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Integer to primitives handling `null`.
    `static long[]` | `toPrimitive(Long[] array)` Converts an array of object Longs to primitives.
    `static long[]` | `toPrimitive(Long[] array, long valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Long to primitives handling `null`.
    `static Object` | `toPrimitive(Object array)` Create an array of primitive type from an array of wrapper types.
    `static short[]` | `toPrimitive(Short[] array)` Converts an array of object Shorts to primitives.
    `static short[]` | `toPrimitive(Short[] array, short valueForNull)` Converts an array of object Short to primitives handling `null`.
    `static String` | `toString(Object array)` Outputs an array as a String, treating `null` as an empty array.
    `static String` | `toString(Object array, String stringIfNull)` Outputs an array as a String handling `null`s.
    `static String[]` | `toStringArray(Object[] array)` Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array.
    `static String[]` | `toStringArray(Object[] array, String valueForNullElements)` Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array handling `null` elements.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY

          public static final boolean[] EMPTY_BOOLEAN_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `boolean` array.

    - #### EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Boolean[] EMPTY_BOOLEAN_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Boolean` array.

    - #### EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY

          public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `byte` array.

    - #### EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Byte` array.

    - #### EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY

          public static final char[] EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `char` array.

    - #### EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Character[] EMPTY_CHARACTER_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Character` array.

    - #### EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY

          public static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Class` array.

    - #### EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY

          public static final double[] EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `double` array.

    - #### EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Double[] EMPTY_DOUBLE_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Double` array.

    - #### EMPTY_FIELD_ARRAY

          public static final Field[] EMPTY_FIELD_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Field` array.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY

          public static final float[] EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `float` array.

    - #### EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Float[] EMPTY_FLOAT_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Float` array.

    - #### EMPTY_INT_ARRAY

          public static final int[] EMPTY_INT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `int` array.

    - #### EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Integer[] EMPTY_INTEGER_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Integer` array.

    - #### EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY

          public static final long[] EMPTY_LONG_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `long` array.

    - #### EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Long[] EMPTY_LONG_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Long` array.

    - #### EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY

          public static final Method[] EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Method` array.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Object[] EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Object` array.

    - #### EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY

          public static final short[] EMPTY_SHORT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `short` array.

    - #### EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY

          public static final Short[] EMPTY_SHORT_OBJECT_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Short` array.

    - #### EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY

          public static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `String` array.

    - #### EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY

          public static final Throwable[] EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Throwable` array.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### EMPTY_TYPE_ARRAY

          public static final Type[] EMPTY_TYPE_ARRAY

      An empty immutable `Type` array.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### INDEX_NOT_FOUND

          public static final int INDEX_NOT_FOUND

      The index value when an element is not found in a list or array: `-1`. This value is returned by methods in this class and can also be used in comparisons with values returned by various method from `List`.
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### ArrayUtils

          public ArrayUtils()

      ArrayUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as `ArrayUtils.clone(new int[] {2})`.

      This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### add

          public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array,
                                      boolean element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, true)          = [true]
           ArrayUtils.add([true], false)       = [true, false]
           ArrayUtils.add([true, false], true) = [true, false, true]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static boolean[] add(boolean[] array,
                                                  int index,
                                                  boolean element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, boolean[], boolean...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, true)          = [true]
           ArrayUtils.add([true], 0, false)       = [false, true]
           ArrayUtils.add([false], 1, true)       = [false, true]
           ArrayUtils.add([true, false], 1, true) = [true, true, false]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static byte[] add(byte[] array,
                                   byte element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static byte[] add(byte[] array,
                                               int index,
                                               byte element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, byte[], byte...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0, 2)         = [2, 1]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 2, 3)      = [2, 6, 3]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 0, 1)      = [1, 2, 6]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static char[] add(char[] array,
                                   char element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, '0')       = ['0']
           ArrayUtils.add(['1'], '0')      = ['1', '0']
           ArrayUtils.add(['1', '0'], '1') = ['1', '0', '1']

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static char[] add(char[] array,
                                               int index,
                                               char element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, char[], char...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, 'a')            = ['a']
           ArrayUtils.add(['a'], 0, 'b')           = ['b', 'a']
           ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b'], 0, 'c')      = ['c', 'a', 'b']
           ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b'], 1, 'k')      = ['a', 'k', 'b']
           ArrayUtils.add(['a', 'b', 'c'], 1, 't') = ['a', 't', 'b', 'c']

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static double[] add(double[] array,
                                     double element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static double[] add(double[] array,
                                                 int index,
                                                 double element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, double[], double...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add([1.1], 0, 2.2)              = [2.2, 1.1]
           ArrayUtils.add([2.3, 6.4], 2, 10.5)        = [2.3, 6.4, 10.5]
           ArrayUtils.add([2.6, 6.7], 0, -4.8)        = [-4.8, 2.6, 6.7]
           ArrayUtils.add([2.9, 6.0, 0.3], 2, 1.0)    = [2.9, 6.0, 1.0, 0.3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static float[] add(float[] array,
                                    float element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static float[] add(float[] array,
                                                int index,
                                                float element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, float[], float...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add([1.1f], 0, 2.2f)               = [2.2f, 1.1f]
           ArrayUtils.add([2.3f, 6.4f], 2, 10.5f)        = [2.3f, 6.4f, 10.5f]
           ArrayUtils.add([2.6f, 6.7f], 0, -4.8f)        = [-4.8f, 2.6f, 6.7f]
           ArrayUtils.add([2.9f, 6.0f, 0.3f], 2, 1.0f)   = [2.9f, 6.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static int[] add(int[] array,
                                  int element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static int[] add(int[] array,
                                              int index,
                                              int element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, int[], int...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0, 2)         = [2, 1]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 2, 10)     = [2, 6, 10]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 0, -4)     = [-4, 2, 6]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static long[] add(long[] array,
                                               int index,
                                               long element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, long[], long...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add([1L], 0, 2L)           = [2L, 1L]
           ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L], 2, 10L)      = [2L, 6L, 10L]
           ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L], 0, -4L)      = [-4L, 2L, 6L]
           ArrayUtils.add([2L, 6L, 3L], 2, 1L)   = [2L, 6L, 1L, 3L]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static long[] add(long[] array,
                                   long element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static short[] add(short[] array,
                                                int index,
                                                short element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, short[], short...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0, 2)         = [2, 1]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 2, 10)     = [2, 6, 10]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6], 0, -4)     = [-4, 2, 6]
           ArrayUtils.add([2, 6, 3], 2, 1)   = [2, 6, 1, 3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).

    - #### add

          public static short[] add(short[] array,
                                    short element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0)   = [0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1], 0)    = [1, 0]
           ArrayUtils.add([1, 0], 1) = [1, 0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to copy and add the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add at the last index of the new array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### add

          @Deprecated
          public static <T> T[] add(T[] array,
                                                int index,
                                                T element)

      Deprecated. this method has been superseded by `insert(int, T[], T...)` and may be removed in a future release. Please note the handling of `null` input arrays differs in the new method: inserting `X` into a `null` array results in `null` not `X`.

      Inserts the specified element at the specified position in the array. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array plus the given element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, null)      = IllegalArgumentException
           ArrayUtils.add(null, 0, "a")       = ["a"]
           ArrayUtils.add(["a"], 1, null)     = ["a", null]
           ArrayUtils.add(["a"], 1, "b")      = ["a", "b"]
           ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], 3, "c") = ["a", "b", "c"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to add the element to, may be `null`
        `index` - the position of the new object
        `element` - the object to add
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements and the new element
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > array.length).
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if both array and element are null

    - #### add

          public static <T> T[] add(T[] array,
                                    T element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the end of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the last position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element, unless the element itself is null, in which case the return type is Object[]

           ArrayUtils.add(null, null)      = IllegalArgumentException
           ArrayUtils.add(null, "a")       = ["a"]
           ArrayUtils.add(["a"], null)     = ["a", null]
           ArrayUtils.add(["a"], "b")      = ["a", "b"]
           ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], "c") = ["a", "b", "c"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add, may be `null`
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element. If both are null, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if both arguments are null
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static boolean[] addAll(boolean[] array1,
                                         boolean... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new boolean[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static byte[] addAll(byte[] array1,
                                      byte... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new byte[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static char[] addAll(char[] array1,
                                      char... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new char[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static double[] addAll(double[] array1,
                                        double... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new double[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static float[] addAll(float[] array1,
                                       float... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new float[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static int[] addAll(int[] array1,
                                     int... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new int[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static long[] addAll(long[] array1,
                                      long... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new long[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static short[] addAll(short[] array1,
                                       short... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array.
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array.
      Returns:
        The new short[] array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addAll

          public static <T> T[] addAll(T[] array1,
                                       T... array2)

      Adds all the elements of the given arrays into a new array.

      The new array contains all of the element of `array1` followed by all of the elements `array2`. When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, null)     = null
           ArrayUtils.addAll(array1, null)   = cloned copy of array1
           ArrayUtils.addAll(null, array2)   = cloned copy of array2
           ArrayUtils.addAll([], [])         = []
           ArrayUtils.addAll([null], [null]) = [null, null]
           ArrayUtils.addAll(["a", "b", "c"], ["1", "2", "3"]) = ["a", "b", "c", "1", "2", "3"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array whose elements are added to the new array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array whose elements are added to the new array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array, `null` if both arrays are `null`. The type of the new array is the type of the first array, unless the first array is null, in which case the type is the same as the second array.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the array types are incompatible
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### addFirst

          public static boolean[] addFirst(boolean[] array,
                                           boolean element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, true)          = [true]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([true], false)       = [false, true]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([true, false], true) = [true, true, false]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static byte[] addFirst(byte[] array,
                                        byte element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static char[] addFirst(char[] array,
                                        char element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, '1')       = ['1']
           ArrayUtils.addFirst(['1'], '0')      = ['0', '1']
           ArrayUtils.addFirst(['1', '0'], '1') = ['1', '1', '0']

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static double[] addFirst(double[] array,
                                          double element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static float[] addFirst(float[] array,
                                         float element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static int[] addFirst(int[] array,
                                       int element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static long[] addFirst(long[] array,
                                        long element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static short[] addFirst(short[] array,
                                         short element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first position. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element.

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, 1)   = [1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1], 0)    = [0, 1]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst([1, 0], 1) = [1, 1, 0]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`.
        `element` - the object to add.
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### addFirst

          public static <T> T[] addFirst(T[] array,
                                         T element)

      Copies the given array and adds the given element at the beginning of the new array.

      The new array contains the same elements of the input array plus the given element in the first positioaddFirstaddFirstaddFirstn. The component type of the new array is the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, a new one element array is returned whose component type is the same as the element, unless the element itself is null, in which case the return type is Object[]

           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, null)      = IllegalArgumentException
           ArrayUtils.addFirst(null, "a")       = ["a"]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst(["a"], null)     = [null, "a"]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst(["a"], "b")      = ["b", "a"]
           ArrayUtils.addFirst(["a", "b"], "c") = ["c", "a", "b"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to "add" the element to, may be `null`
        `element` - the object to add, may be `null`
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements plus the new element The returned array type will be that of the input array (unless null), in which case it will have the same type as the element. If both are null, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if both arguments are null
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### clone

          public static boolean[] clone(boolean[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static byte[] clone(byte[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static char[] clone(char[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static double[] clone(double[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static float[] clone(float[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static int[] clone(int[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static long[] clone(long[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static short[] clone(short[] array)

      Clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### clone

          public static <T> T[] clone(T[] array)

      Shallow clones an array returning a typecast result and handling `null`.

      The objects in the array are not cloned, thus there is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shallow clone, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the cloned array, `null` if `null` input

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(boolean[] array,
                                         boolean valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(byte[] array,
                                         byte valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(char[] array,
                                         char valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(double[] array,
                                         double valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(double[] array,
                                         double valueToFind,
                                         double tolerance)

      Checks if a value falling within the given tolerance is in the given array. If the array contains a value within the inclusive range defined by (value - tolerance) to (value + tolerance).

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `tolerance` - the array contains the tolerance of the search
      Returns:
        true if value falling within tolerance is in array

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(float[] array,
                                         float valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(int[] array,
                                         int valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(long[] array,
                                         long valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(Object[] array,
                                         Object objectToFind)

      Checks if the object is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `objectToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### contains

          public static boolean contains(short[] array,
                                         short valueToFind)

      Checks if the value is in the given array.

      The method returns `false` if a `null` array is passed in.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        `true` if the array contains the object

    - #### get

          public static <T> T get(T[] array,
                                  int index)

      Gets the nTh element of an array or null if the index is out of bounds or the array is null.
      Type Parameters:
        `T` - The type of array elements.
      Parameters:
        `array` - The array to index.
        `index` - The index
      Returns:
        the nTh element of an array or null if the index is out of bounds or the array is null.
      Since:
        3.11

    - #### get

          public static <T> T get(T[] array,
                                  int index,
                                  T defaultValue)

      Gets the nTh element of an array or a default value if the index is out of bounds.
      Type Parameters:
        `T` - The type of array elements.
      Parameters:
        `array` - The array to index.
        `index` - The index
        `defaultValue` - The return value of the given index is out of bounds.
      Returns:
        the nTh element of an array or a default value if the index is out of bounds.
      Since:
        3.11

    - #### getLength

          public static int getLength(Object array)

      Returns the length of the specified array. This method can deal with `Object` arrays and with primitive arrays.

      If the input array is `null`, `0` is returned.

           ArrayUtils.getLength(null)            = 0
           ArrayUtils.getLength([])              = 0
           ArrayUtils.getLength([null])          = 1
           ArrayUtils.getLength([true, false])   = 2
           ArrayUtils.getLength([1, 2, 3])       = 3
           ArrayUtils.getLength(["a", "b", "c"]) = 3

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to retrieve the length from, may be null
      Returns:
        The length of the array, or `0` if the array is `null`
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the object argument is not an array.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### hashCode

          public static int hashCode(Object array)

      Get a hash code for an array handling multi-dimensional arrays correctly.

      Multi-dimensional primitive arrays are also handled correctly by this method.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to get a hash code for, `null` returns zero
      Returns:
        a hash code for the array

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(boolean[] array,
                                         boolean valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(boolean[] array,
                                         boolean valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(byte[] array,
                                         byte valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(byte[] array,
                                         byte valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(char[] array,
                                         char valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(char[] array,
                                         char valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array,
                                         double valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array,
                                         double valueToFind,
                                         double tolerance)

      Finds the indices of the given value within a given tolerance in the array.

      This method will return all the indices of the value which fall between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance, each time between the nearest integers.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array,
                                         double valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(double[] array,
                                         double valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex,
                                         double tolerance)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method will return the indices of the values which fall between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance, between the nearest integers.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
        `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
      Returns:
        a BitSet of the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(float[] array,
                                         float valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(float[] array,
                                         float valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(int[] array,
                                         int valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(int[] array,
                                         int valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(long[] array,
                                         long valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(long[] array,
                                         long valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(Object[] array,
                                         Object objectToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given object in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the object within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(Object[] array,
                                         Object objectToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the object within the array starting at the index, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(short[] array,
                                         short valueToFind)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexesOf

          public static BitSet indexesOf(short[] array,
                                         short valueToFind,
                                         int startIndex)

      Finds the indices of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns an empty BitSet for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return an empty BitSet.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        a BitSet of all the indices of the value within the array, an empty BitSet if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(boolean[] array,
                                    boolean valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(boolean[] array,
                                    boolean valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(byte[] array,
                                    byte valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(byte[] array,
                                    byte valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(char[] array,
                                    char valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(char[] array,
                                    char valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(double[] array,
                                    double valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(double[] array,
                                    double valueToFind,
                                    double tolerance)

      Finds the index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array. This method will return the index of the first value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(double[] array,
                                    double valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(double[] array,
                                    double valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex,
                                    double tolerance)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index. This method will return the index of the first value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
        `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(float[] array,
                                    float valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(float[] array,
                                    float valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(int[] array,
                                    int valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(int[] array,
                                    int valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(long[] array,
                                    long valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(long[] array,
                                    long valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(Object[] array,
                                    Object objectToFind)

      Finds the index of the given object in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the index of the object within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(Object[] array,
                                    Object objectToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the object within the array starting at the index, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(short[] array,
                                    short valueToFind)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### indexOf

          public static int indexOf(short[] array,
                                    short valueToFind,
                                    int startIndex)

      Finds the index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex is treated as zero. A startIndex larger than the array length will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the index to start searching at
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### insert

          public static boolean[] insert(int index,
                                         boolean[] array,
                                         boolean... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static byte[] insert(int index,
                                      byte[] array,
                                      byte... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static char[] insert(int index,
                                      char[] array,
                                      char... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static double[] insert(int index,
                                        double[] array,
                                        double... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static float[] insert(int index,
                                       float[] array,
                                       float... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static int[] insert(int index,
                                     int[] array,
                                     int... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static long[] insert(int index,
                                      long[] array,
                                      long... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          public static short[] insert(int index,
                                       short[] array,
                                       short... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### insert

          @SafeVarargs
          public static <T> T[] insert(int index,
                                                    T[] array,
                                                    T... values)

      Inserts elements into an array at the given index (starting from zero).

      When an array is returned, it is always a new array.

           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, null)      = null
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, array, null)     = cloned copy of 'array'
           ArrayUtils.insert(index, null, values)    = null

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - The type of elements in `array` and `values`
      Parameters:
        `index` - the position within `array` to insert the new values
        `array` - the array to insert the values into, may be `null`
        `values` - the new values to insert, may be `null`
      Returns:
        The new array.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `array` is provided and either `index < 0` or `index > array.length`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### isArrayIndexValid

          public static <T> boolean isArrayIndexValid(T[] array,
                                                      int index)

      Returns whether a given array can safely be accessed at the given index.

           ArrayUtils.isArrayIndexValid(null, 0)       = false
           ArrayUtils.isArrayIndexValid([], 0)         = false
           ArrayUtils.isArrayIndexValid(["a"], 0)      = true

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to inspect, may be null
        `index` - the index of the array to be inspected
      Returns:
        Whether the given index is safely-accessible in the given array
      Since:
        3.8

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(boolean[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive booleans is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(byte[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive bytes is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(char[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive chars is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(double[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive doubles is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(float[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive floats is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(int[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive ints is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(long[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive longs is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(Object[] array)

      Checks if an array of Objects is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEmpty

          public static boolean isEmpty(short[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive shorts is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is empty or `null`
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### isEquals

          @Deprecated
          public static boolean isEquals(Object array1,
                                                     Object array2)

      Deprecated. this method has been replaced by `java.util.Objects.deepEquals(Object, Object)` and will be removed from future releases.

      Compares two arrays, using equals(), handling multi-dimensional arrays correctly.

      Multi-dimensional primitive arrays are also handled correctly by this method.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the left hand array to compare, may be `null`
        `array2` - the right hand array to compare, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if the arrays are equal

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(boolean[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive booleans is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(byte[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive bytes is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(char[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive chars is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(double[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive doubles is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(float[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive floats is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(int[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive ints is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(long[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive longs is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static boolean isNotEmpty(short[] array)

      Checks if an array of primitive shorts is not empty and not `null`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isNotEmpty

          public static <T> boolean isNotEmpty(T[] array)

      Checks if an array of Objects is not empty and not `null`.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to test
      Returns:
        `true` if the array is not empty and not `null`
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(boolean[] array1,
                                             boolean[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(byte[] array1,
                                             byte[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(char[] array1,
                                             char[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(double[] array1,
                                             double[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(float[] array1,
                                             float[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(int[] array1,
                                             int[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(long[] array1,
                                             long[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(Object array1,
                                             Object array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Any multi-dimensional aspects of the arrays are ignored.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array
      Since:
        3.11

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(Object[] array1,
                                             Object[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Any multi-dimensional aspects of the arrays are ignored.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameLength

          public static boolean isSameLength(short[] array1,
                                             short[] array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same length, treating `null` arrays as length `0`.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, may be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if length of arrays matches, treating `null` as an empty array

    - #### isSameType

          public static boolean isSameType(Object array1,
                                           Object array2)

      Checks whether two arrays are the same type taking into account multi-dimensional arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array1` - the first array, must not be `null`
        `array2` - the second array, must not be `null`
      Returns:
        `true` if type of arrays matches
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if either array is `null`

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(boolean[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering (`false` before `true`).

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(byte[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(char[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(double[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(float[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(int[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(long[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static boolean isSorted(short[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to natural ordering.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted according to natural ordering
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> boolean isSorted(T[] array)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to the class's `compareTo` method.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the datatype of the array to check, it must implement `Comparable`
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### isSorted

          public static <T> boolean isSorted(T[] array,
                                             Comparator<T> comparator)

      This method checks whether the provided array is sorted according to the provided `Comparator`.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the datatype of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check
        `comparator` - the `Comparator` to compare over
      Returns:
        whether the array is sorted
      Since:
        3.4

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array,
                                        boolean valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if `null` array input.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(boolean[] array,
                                        boolean valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array,
                                        byte valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(byte[] array,
                                        byte valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array,
                                        char valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(char[] array,
                                        char valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array,
                                        double valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array,
                                        double valueToFind,
                                        double tolerance)

      Finds the last index of the given value within a given tolerance in the array. This method will return the index of the last value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to search through for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `tolerance` - tolerance of the search
      Returns:
        the index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array,
                                        double valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(double[] array,
                                        double valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex,
                                        double tolerance)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index. This method will return the index of the last value which falls between the region defined by valueToFind - tolerance and valueToFind + tolerance.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
        `tolerance` - search for value within plus/minus this amount
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array,
                                        float valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(float[] array,
                                        float valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array,
                                        int valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(int[] array,
                                        int valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array,
                                        long valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(long[] array,
                                        long valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array,
                                        Object objectToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given object within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
      Returns:
        the last index of the object within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(Object[] array,
                                        Object objectToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given object in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `objectToFind` - the object to find, may be `null`
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the object within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array,
                                        short valueToFind)

      Finds the last index of the given value within the array.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse backwards looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the object to find
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### lastIndexOf

          public static int lastIndexOf(short[] array,
                                        short valueToFind,
                                        int startIndex)

      Finds the last index of the given value in the array starting at the given index.

      This method returns `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) for a `null` input array.

      A negative startIndex will return `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`). A startIndex larger than the array length will search from the end of the array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to traverse for looking for the object, may be `null`
        `valueToFind` - the value to find
        `startIndex` - the start index to traverse backwards from
      Returns:
        the last index of the value within the array, `INDEX_NOT_FOUND` (`-1`) if not found or `null` array input

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static boolean[] nullToEmpty(boolean[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Boolean[] nullToEmpty(Boolean[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static byte[] nullToEmpty(byte[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Byte[] nullToEmpty(Byte[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static char[] nullToEmpty(char[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Character[] nullToEmpty(Character[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Class<?>[] nullToEmpty(Class<?>[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static double[] nullToEmpty(double[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Double[] nullToEmpty(Double[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static float[] nullToEmpty(float[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Float[] nullToEmpty(Float[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static int[] nullToEmpty(int[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Integer[] nullToEmpty(Integer[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static long[] nullToEmpty(long[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Long[] nullToEmpty(Long[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Object[] nullToEmpty(Object[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static short[] nullToEmpty(short[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static Short[] nullToEmpty(Short[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static String[] nullToEmpty(String[] array)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      As a memory optimizing technique an empty array passed in will be overridden with the empty `public static` references in this class.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null` or empty input
      Since:
        2.5

    - #### nullToEmpty

          public static <T> T[] nullToEmpty(T[] array,
                                            Class<T[]> type)

      Defensive programming technique to change a `null` reference to an empty one.

      This method returns an empty array for a `null` input array.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the class type
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to check for `null` or empty
        `type` - the class representation of the desired array
      Returns:
        the same array, `public static` empty array if `null`
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the type argument is null
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### remove

          public static boolean[] remove(boolean[] array,
                                         int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([true], 0)              = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([true, false], 0)       = [false]
           ArrayUtils.remove([true, false], 1)       = [true]
           ArrayUtils.remove([true, true, false], 1) = [true, false]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static byte[] remove(byte[] array,
                                      int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)          = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0], 0)       = [0]
           ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0], 1)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.remove([1, 0, 1], 1)    = [1, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static char[] remove(char[] array,
                                      int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove(['a'], 0)           = []
           ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b'], 0)      = ['b']
           ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b'], 1)      = ['a']
           ArrayUtils.remove(['a', 'b', 'c'], 1) = ['a', 'c']

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static double[] remove(double[] array,
                                        int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([1.1], 0)           = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 0)      = [6.0]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 1)      = [2.5]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0, 3.8], 1) = [2.5, 3.8]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static float[] remove(float[] array,
                                       int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([1.1], 0)           = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 0)      = [6.0]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0], 1)      = [2.5]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2.5, 6.0, 3.8], 1) = [2.5, 3.8]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static int[] remove(int[] array,
                                     int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)         = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 0)      = [6]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 1)      = [2]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static long[] remove(long[] array,
                                      int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)         = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 0)      = [6]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 1)      = [2]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static short[] remove(short[] array,
                                       int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove([1], 0)         = []
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 0)      = [6]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6], 1)      = [2]
           ArrayUtils.remove([2, 6, 3], 1)   = [2, 3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### remove

          public static <T> T[] remove(T[] array,
                                       int index)

      Removes the element at the specified position from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices).

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the element on the specified position. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.remove(["a"], 0)           = []
           ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b"], 0)      = ["b"]
           ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b"], 1)      = ["a"]
           ArrayUtils.remove(["a", "b", "c"], 1) = ["a", "c"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `index` - the position of the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the element at the specified position.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static boolean[] removeAll(boolean[] array,
                                            int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([true, false, true], 0, 2) = [false]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([true, false, true], 1, 2) = [true]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static byte[] removeAll(byte[] array,
                                         int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static char[] removeAll(char[] array,
                                         int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static double[] removeAll(double[] array,
                                           int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static float[] removeAll(float[] array,
                                          int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static int[] removeAll(int[] array,
                                        int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static long[] removeAll(long[] array,
                                         int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static short[] removeAll(short[] array,
                                          int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll([1], 0)             = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0)          = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6], 0, 1)       = []
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 1, 2)    = [2]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 2)    = [6]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll([2, 6, 3], 0, 1, 2) = []

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAll

          public static <T> T[] removeAll(T[] array,
                                          int... indices)

      Removes the elements at the specified positions from the specified array. All remaining elements are shifted to the left.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except those at the specified positions. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

      If the input array is `null`, an IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown, because in that case no valid index can be specified.

           ArrayUtils.removeAll(["a", "b", "c"], 0, 2) = ["b"]
           ArrayUtils.removeAll(["a", "b", "c"], 1, 2) = ["a"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may not be `null`
        `indices` - the positions of the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except those at the specified positions.
      Throws:
        `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if any index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= array.length), or if the array is `null`.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static boolean[] removeAllOccurences(boolean[] array,
                                                                  boolean element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(boolean[], boolean)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified boolean array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static byte[] removeAllOccurences(byte[] array,
                                                               byte element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(byte[], byte)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified byte array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static char[] removeAllOccurences(char[] array,
                                                               char element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(char[], char)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified char array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static double[] removeAllOccurences(double[] array,
                                                                 double element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(double[], double)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified double array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static float[] removeAllOccurences(float[] array,
                                                                float element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(float[], float)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified float array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static int[] removeAllOccurences(int[] array,
                                                              int element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(int[], int)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified int array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static long[] removeAllOccurences(long[] array,
                                                               long element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(long[], long)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified long array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static short[] removeAllOccurences(short[] array,
                                                                short element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(short[], short)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified short array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurences

          @Deprecated
          public static <T> T[] removeAllOccurences(T[] array,
                                                                T element)

      Deprecated. Use `removeAllOccurrences(Object[], Object)`
      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the type of object in the array
      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static boolean[] removeAllOccurrences(boolean[] array,
                                                       boolean element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified boolean array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static byte[] removeAllOccurrences(byte[] array,
                                                    byte element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified byte array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static char[] removeAllOccurrences(char[] array,
                                                    char element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified char array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static double[] removeAllOccurrences(double[] array,
                                                      double element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified double array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static float[] removeAllOccurrences(float[] array,
                                                     float element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified float array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static int[] removeAllOccurrences(int[] array,
                                                   int element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified int array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static long[] removeAllOccurrences(long[] array,
                                                    long element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified long array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static short[] removeAllOccurrences(short[] array,
                                                     short element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified short array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeAllOccurrences

          public static <T> T[] removeAllOccurrences(T[] array,
                                                     T element)

      Removes the occurrences of the specified element from the specified array.

      All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array. `null` will be returned if the input array is `null`.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the type of object in the array
      Parameters:
        `element` - the element to remove
        `array` - the input array
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the occurrences of the specified element.
      Since:
        3.10

    - #### removeElement

          public static boolean[] removeElement(boolean[] array,
                                                boolean element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, true)                = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], true)                  = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([true], false)             = [true]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false], false)      = [true]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false, true], true) = [false, true]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static byte[] removeElement(byte[] array,
                                             byte element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)        = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)          = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 0)         = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 0], 0)      = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 0, 1], 1)   = [0, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static char[] removeElement(char[] array,
                                             char element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 'a')            = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 'a')              = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a'], 'b')           = ['a']
           ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a', 'b'], 'a')      = ['b']
           ArrayUtils.removeElement(['a', 'b', 'a'], 'a') = ['b', 'a']

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static double[] removeElement(double[] array,
                                               double element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1.1)            = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1.1)              = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1], 1.2)           = [1.1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3], 1.1)      = [2.3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3, 1.1], 1.1) = [2.3, 1.1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static float[] removeElement(float[] array,
                                              float element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1.1)            = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1.1)              = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1], 1.2)           = [1.1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3], 1.1)      = [2.3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1.1, 2.3, 1.1], 1.1) = [2.3, 1.1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static int[] removeElement(int[] array,
                                            int element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 2)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3], 1)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static long[] removeElement(long[] array,
                                             long element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 2)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3], 1)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static short[] removeElement(short[] array,
                                              short element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, 1)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], 1)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1], 2)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3], 1)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([1, 3, 1], 1) = [3, 1]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElement

          public static <T> T[] removeElement(T[] array,
                                              Object element)

      Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted to the left (subtracts one from their indices). If the array doesn't contains such an element, no elements are removed from the array.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except the first occurrence of the specified element. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, "a")            = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElement([], "a")              = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a"], "b")           = ["a"]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a", "b"], "a")      = ["b"]
           ArrayUtils.removeElement(["a", "b", "a"], "a") = ["b", "a"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `element` - the element to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the first occurrence of the specified element.
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static boolean[] removeElements(boolean[] array,
                                                 boolean... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, true, false)               = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], true, false)                 = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([true], false, false)            = [true]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([true, false], true, true)       = [false]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([true, false, true], true)       = [false, true]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([true, false, true], true, true) = [false]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static byte[] removeElements(byte[] array,
                                              byte... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static char[] removeElements(char[] array,
                                              char... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static double[] removeElements(double[] array,
                                                double... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static float[] removeElements(float[] array,
                                               float... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static int[] removeElements(int[] array,
                                             int... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static long[] removeElements(long[] array,
                                              long... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          public static short[] removeElements(short[] array,
                                               short... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, 1, 2)      = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], 1, 2)        = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1], 2, 3)       = [1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3], 1, 2)    = [3]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1)    = [3, 1]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([1, 3, 1], 1, 1) = [3]

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### removeElements

          @SafeVarargs
          public static <T> T[] removeElements(T[] array,
                                                            T... values)

      Removes occurrences of specified elements, in specified quantities, from the specified array. All subsequent elements are shifted left. For any element-to-be-removed specified in greater quantities than contained in the original array, no change occurs beyond the removal of the existing matching items.

      This method returns a new array with the same elements of the input array except for the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements. The component type of the returned array is always the same as that of the input array.

           ArrayUtils.removeElements(null, "a", "b")            = null
           ArrayUtils.removeElements([], "a", "b")              = []
           ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a"], "b", "c")           = ["a"]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b"], "a", "c")      = ["b"]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b", "a"], "a")      = ["b", "a"]
           ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b", "a"], "a", "a") = ["b"]

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to remove the element from, may be `null`
        `values` - the elements to be removed
      Returns:
        A new array containing the existing elements except the earliest-encountered occurrences of the specified elements.
      Since:
        3.0.1

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(boolean[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(boolean[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(byte[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(byte[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(char[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(char[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(double[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(double[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(float[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(float[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(int[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(int[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(long[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(long[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(Object[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(Object[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Under value (<0) is promoted to 0, over value (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Under value (< start index) results in no change. Over value (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(short[] array)

      Reverses the order of the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`

    - #### reverse

          public static void reverse(short[] array,
                                     int startIndexInclusive,
                                     int endIndexExclusive)

      Reverses the order of the given array in the given range.

      This method does nothing for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to reverse, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are reversed in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Since:
        3.2

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(boolean[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given boolean array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(boolean[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given boolean array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(byte[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given byte array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(byte[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given byte array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(char[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given char array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(char[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given char array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(double[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given double array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(double[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given double array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(float[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given float array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(float[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given float array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(int[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given int array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(int[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given int array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(long[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given long array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(long[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given long array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(Object[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(Object[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(short[] array,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of the given short array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shift

          public static void shift(short[] array,
                                   int startIndexInclusive,
                                   int endIndexExclusive,
                                   int offset)

      Shifts the order of a series of elements in the given short array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for `null` or empty input arrays.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shift, may be `null`
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in no change.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are shifted in the array. Undervalue (< start index) results in no change. Overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
        `offset` - The number of positions to rotate the elements. If the offset is larger than the number of elements to rotate, than the effective offset is modulo the number of elements to rotate.
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(boolean[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(boolean[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(byte[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(byte[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(char[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(char[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(double[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(double[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(float[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(float[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(int[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(int[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(long[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(long[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(Object[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(Object[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(short[] array)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### shuffle

          public static void shuffle(short[] array,
                                     Random random)

      Randomly permutes the elements of the specified array using the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to shuffle
        `random` - the source of randomness used to permute the elements
      Since:
        3.6
      See Also:
        Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm

    - #### subarray

          public static boolean[] subarray(boolean[] array,
                                           int startIndexInclusive,
                                           int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `boolean` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(boolean[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static byte[] subarray(byte[] array,
                                        int startIndexInclusive,
                                        int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `byte` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(byte[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static char[] subarray(char[] array,
                                        int startIndexInclusive,
                                        int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `char` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(char[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static double[] subarray(double[] array,
                                          int startIndexInclusive,
                                          int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `double` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(double[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static float[] subarray(float[] array,
                                         int startIndexInclusive,
                                         int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `float` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(float[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static int[] subarray(int[] array,
                                       int startIndexInclusive,
                                       int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `int` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(int[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static long[] subarray(long[] array,
                                        int startIndexInclusive,
                                        int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `long` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(long[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static short[] subarray(short[] array,
                                         int startIndexInclusive,
                                         int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new `short` array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(short[], int, int)`

    - #### subarray

          public static <T> T[] subarray(T[] array,
                                         int startIndexInclusive,
                                         int endIndexExclusive)

      Produces a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.

      The start index is inclusive, the end index exclusive. Null array input produces null output.

      The component type of the subarray is always the same as that of the input array. Thus, if the input is an array of type `Date`, the following usage is envisaged:

           Date[] someDates = (Date[]) ArrayUtils.subarray(allDates, 2, 5);

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the component type of the array
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array
        `startIndexInclusive` - the starting index. Undervalue (<0) is promoted to 0, overvalue (>array.length) results in an empty array.
        `endIndexExclusive` - elements up to endIndex-1 are present in the returned subarray. Undervalue (< startIndex) produces empty array, overvalue (>array.length) is demoted to array length.
      Returns:
        a new array containing the elements between the start and end indices.
      Since:
        2.1
      See Also:
        `Arrays.copyOfRange(Object[], int, int)`

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(boolean[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given boolean array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(boolean[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given boolean array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 2, 1) -> [true, false, true, false]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 0, 1) -> [true, false, true, false]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 2, 2) -> [true, false, true, false]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], -3, 2, 2) -> [true, false, true, false]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true, false], 0, 3, 3) -> [false, false, true, true]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(byte[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given byte array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(byte[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given byte array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(char[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given char array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(char[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given char array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(double[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given double array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(double[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given double array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(float[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given float array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(float[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given float array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(int[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given int array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(int[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given int array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(long[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given long array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 0, 2) -> [true, false, true]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 0, 0) -> [true, false, true]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 1, 0) -> [false, true, true]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], 0, 5) -> [true, false, true]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([true, false, true], -1, 1) -> [false, true, true]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(long[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given long array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(Object[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 0, 2) -> ["3", "2", "1"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 0, 0) -> ["1", "2", "3"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 1, 0) -> ["2", "1", "3"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], 0, 5) -> ["1", "2", "3"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3"], -1, 1) -> ["2", "1", "3"]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(Object[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 0, 2, 1) -> ["3", "2", "1", "4"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 0, 0, 1) -> ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 2, 0, 2) -> ["3", "4", "1", "2"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], -3, 2, 2) -> ["3", "4", "1", "2"]
      - ArrayUtils.swap(["1", "2", "3", "4"], 0, 3, 3) -> ["4", "2", "3", "1"]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(short[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2)

      Swaps two elements in the given short array.

      There is no special handling for multi-dimensional arrays. This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero).

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 2) -> [3, 2, 1]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 0) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) -> [2, 1, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], 0, 5) -> [1, 2, 3]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3], -1, 1) -> [2, 1, 3]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element to swap
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### swap

          public static void swap(short[] array,
                                  int offset1,
                                  int offset2,
                                  int len)

      Swaps a series of elements in the given short array.

      This method does nothing for a `null` or empty input array or for overflow indices. Negative indices are promoted to 0(zero). If any of the sub-arrays to swap falls outside of the given array, then the swap is stopped at the end of the array and as many as possible elements are swapped.

      Examples:
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 2, 1) -> [3, 2, 1, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 0, 1) -> [1, 2, 3, 4]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], -3, 2, 2) -> [3, 4, 1, 2]
      - ArrayUtils.swap([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, 3, 3) -> [4, 2, 3, 1]
      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to swap, may be `null`
        `offset1` - the index of the first element in the series to swap
        `offset2` - the index of the second element in the series to swap
        `len` - the number of elements to swap starting with the given indices
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### toArray

          public static <T> T[] toArray(T... items)

      Create a type-safe generic array.

      The Java language does not allow an array to be created from a generic type:

              public static <T> T[] createAnArray(int size) {
                  return new T[size]; // compiler error here
              }
              public static <T> T[] createAnArray(int size) {
                  return (T[]) new Object[size]; // ClassCastException at runtime
              }

      Therefore new arrays of generic types can be created with this method. For example, an array of Strings can be created:

              String[] array = ArrayUtils.toArray("1", "2");
              String[] emptyArray = ArrayUtils.<String>toArray();

      The method is typically used in scenarios, where the caller itself uses generic types that have to be combined into an array.

      Note, this method makes only sense to provide arguments of the same type so that the compiler can deduce the type of the array itself. While it is possible to select the type explicitly like in `Number[] array = ArrayUtils.&lt;Number&gt;toArray(Integer.valueOf(42), Double.valueOf(Math.PI))`, there is no real advantage when compared to `new Number[] {Integer.valueOf(42), Double.valueOf(Math.PI)}`.

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the array's element type
      Parameters:
        `items` - the varargs array items, null allowed
      Returns:
        the array, not null unless a null array is passed in
      Since:
        3.0

    - #### toMap

          public static Map<Object,Object> toMap(Object[] array)

      Converts the given array into a `Map`. Each element of the array must be either a `Map.Entry` or an Array, containing at least two elements, where the first element is used as key and the second as value.

      This method can be used to initialize:

           // Create a Map mapping colors.
           Map colorMap = ArrayUtils.toMap(new String[][] {
               {"RED", "#FF0000"},
               {"GREEN", "#00FF00"},
               {"BLUE", "#0000FF"}});

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - an array whose elements are either a `Map.Entry` or an Array containing at least two elements, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `Map` that was created from the array
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if one element of this Array is itself an Array containing less then two elements
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the array contains elements other than `Map.Entry` and an Array

    - #### toObject

          public static Boolean[] toObject(boolean[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive booleans to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `boolean` array
      Returns:
        a `Boolean` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Byte[] toObject(byte[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive bytes to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `byte` array
      Returns:
        a `Byte` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Character[] toObject(char[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive chars to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `char` array
      Returns:
        a `Character` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Double[] toObject(double[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive doubles to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `double` array
      Returns:
        a `Double` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Float[] toObject(float[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive floats to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `float` array
      Returns:
        a `Float` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Integer[] toObject(int[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive ints to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - an `int` array
      Returns:
        an `Integer` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Long[] toObject(long[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive longs to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `long` array
      Returns:
        a `Long` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toObject

          public static Short[] toObject(short[] array)

      Converts an array of primitive shorts to objects.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `short` array
      Returns:
        a `Short` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array)

      Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Boolean` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `boolean` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static boolean[] toPrimitive(Boolean[] array,
                                              boolean valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Booleans to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Boolean` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `boolean` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array)

      Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Byte` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `byte` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static byte[] toPrimitive(Byte[] array,
                                           byte valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Bytes to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Byte` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `byte` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array)

      Converts an array of object Characters to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Character` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `char` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] array,
                                           char valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Character to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Character` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `char` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array)

      Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Double` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `double` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] array,
                                             double valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Doubles to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Double` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `double` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array)

      Converts an array of object Floats to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Float` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `float` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static float[] toPrimitive(Float[] array,
                                            float valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Floats to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Float` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `float` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array)

      Converts an array of object Integers to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Integer` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        an `int` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] array,
                                          int valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Integer to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Integer` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        an `int` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array)

      Converts an array of object Longs to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Long` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `long` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] array,
                                           long valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Long to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Long` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `long` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static Object toPrimitive(Object array)

      Create an array of primitive type from an array of wrapper types.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - an array of wrapper object
      Returns:
        an array of the corresponding primitive type, or the original array
      Since:
        3.5

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array)

      Converts an array of object Shorts to primitives.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Short` array, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a `byte` array, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array content is `null`

    - #### toPrimitive

          public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] array,
                                            short valueForNull)

      Converts an array of object Short to primitives handling `null`.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - a `Short` array, may be `null`
        `valueForNull` - the value to insert if `null` found
      Returns:
        a `byte` array, `null` if null array input

    - #### toString

          public static String toString(Object array)

      Outputs an array as a String, treating `null` as an empty array.

      Multi-dimensional arrays are handled correctly, including multi-dimensional primitive arrays.

      The format is that of Java source code, for example `{a,b}`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to get a toString for, may be `null`
      Returns:
        a String representation of the array, '{}' if null array input

    - #### toString

          public static String toString(Object array,
                                        String stringIfNull)

      Outputs an array as a String handling `null`s.

      Multi-dimensional arrays are handled correctly, including multi-dimensional primitive arrays.

      The format is that of Java source code, for example `{a,b}`.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the array to get a toString for, may be `null`
        `stringIfNull` - the String to return if the array is `null`
      Returns:
        a String representation of the array

    - #### toStringArray

          public static String[] toStringArray(Object[] array)

      Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the `Object[]` to be processed, may be null
      Returns:
        `String[]` of the same size as the source with its element's string representation, `null` if null array input
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if array contains `null`
      Since:
        3.6

    - #### toStringArray

          public static String[] toStringArray(Object[] array,
                                               String valueForNullElements)

      Returns an array containing the string representation of each element in the argument array handling `null` elements.

      This method returns `null` for a `null` input array.

      Parameters:
        `array` - the Object[] to be processed, may be null
        `valueForNullElements` - the value to insert if `null` is found
      Returns:
        a `String` array, `null` if null array input
      Since:
        3.6

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